Computer-Assisted Second Language Learning by Going Back and Fourth in a Collection of Layered Learning Materials for Formative Learning

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For assisting autonomous acquisition of expressions of Japanese as second language, we designed and implemented a system as follows : We provide the learners with a group of texts in each of which those expressions belonging to one of the formative layers are mainly used, along with records of the voice reading the texts. The authors or learners edit and place notes to the text positions where such expressions are used as described in the notes of their formats and semantic categories. The system, going back and forth in the layers, retrieves the text positions where the expression specified by the learners are used and displays those text parts with marking the usage and highlighting the text parts in synchronism with voice reproduction and, optionally, mora-wise pitch sequence of the voice. In this way the system allows the learners to compare different use cases of the same expression or those related either in semantics or formats being accompanied by voice sound and promoting lear … More ners of speaking by way of displaying prosody. And thus it helps distinguishable usage of expressions in contexts with episodic validation. The system also provides for sentence-wise blank filling composition tasks in the texts and, diagnosing the learners' answers, guides them using the same mechanism as described above to discover their own mistakes. In implementation, providing a collection of prototype expression notebooks in each of which is described the format of an expression with syntactic features and its semantic category, we developed, using XML technologies, assistance of authoring expression notes. We also developed the expression relational map representing nodes each of which corresponds to a prototype expression and the map provides the learners with an environment in which for them to navigate between the nodes related in formats or semantics, being assisted of comparison between the use cases of the expressions. In diagnosis of composition we refined usage of the Lexicalized Tree Adjoining Grammar. Finally we introduced voice recognition engine in order to synchronize highlighting texts with voice reproduction and also to display the mora-wise pitch information. Less