An Extensive Study on Knowledge-Based Systems in Education

项目组在两年赠款期内举行了9次非公开会议。1990年7月在东京召开的“计算机教育高级研究”国际会议，反映了项目中的讨论，小组是项目和地方委员会的主要成员，会议取得了巨大的成功。现在发表的项目报告，基于小组在资助期间和之后直到1992年的研究活动和论点，提出并阐述了今后发展智能计算机教育系统应重点关注的问题。(1)（2）以知识库为基础，构建学生发现问题解决策略和知识结构的心理模型过程;（3）以策略为导向，指导学生进行知识检索，并将其应用于问题情境;（4）使学生能够并行实验多种解决方法的会话管理，（5）取决于知识类型的学生建模技术和基于学生模型的教学调度，（6）用于指导知识结构的发现和问题解决策略的策略，（7）用于在集成框架中理解和生成话语的自然语言处理，从而使系统能够灵活地响应学生的含糊和受错误困扰的消息。(8)一种软件体系结构，其核心部分与领域无关，周围是领域相关的模块，这些模块可以在进化过程中添加到核心部分中。在报告中，为了方便调查人员，还包括了参考文献列表和日本研究人员在该领域的里程碑论文的副本。

The project group held 9 closed conferences during the 2 years of the grant period. Reflecting the discussions in the project and with the group as the key members of the program and local committees, the international conference on "Advanced Research on Computers in Education" took place in July 1990 in Tokyo ending in a great success.The now published report of the project, based on the group research activities and arguments during and after the grant period until 1992, proposes and elaborates the following issues to be focussed on in developing intelligent computer systems in education to come.(1) Providing media-oriented work bench metaphor on which the student can project his/er mental model processes in discovering problem-solving strategies and knowledge structures,(2) Scaffolding the processes with knowledge base constituents well discriminating between conceptual frame hierarchy, domain knowledge and knowledge for knowledge processing,(3) Strategy-oriented guidance of knowledge retrieval and it's application to problem contexts,(4) Session management enabling the student to experiment plurality of ways of solution in parallel,(5) Student modeling techniques depending upon knowledge types and instructional scheduling based on the student models,(6) Strategies for guiding discovery of knowledge structures and problem-solving strategies,(7) Natural language processing for understanding and generating discourses in an integrated framework, thus enabling the system flexibilly to respond to ambiguous and error-afflicted messages by students.(8) A software architecture with a domain-independent core part surrounded by domaindependent modules evolutionally to be added on.In the report, for the convenience of surveyors, there are also included a reference list and a collection of copies of milestone papers by Japanese researchers in the field.