An Extensive Study on Knowledge-Based Systems in Education

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The project group held 9 closed conferences during the 2 years of the grant period. Reflecting the discussions in the project and with the group as the key members of the program and local committees, the international conference on "Advanced Research on Computers in Education" took place in July 1990 in Tokyo ending in a great success.The now published report of the project, based on the group research activities and arguments during and after the grant period until 1992, proposes and elaborates the following issues to be focussed on in developing intelligent computer systems in education to come.(1) Providing media-oriented work bench metaphor on which the student can project his/er mental model processes in discovering problem-solving strategies and knowledge structures,(2) Scaffolding the processes with knowledge base constituents well discriminating between conceptual frame hierarchy, domain knowledge and knowledge for knowledge processing,(3) Strategy-oriented guidance of knowledge retrieval and it's application to problem contexts,(4) Session management enabling the student to experiment plurality of ways of solution in parallel,(5) Student modeling techniques depending upon knowledge types and instructional scheduling based on the student models,(6) Strategies for guiding discovery of knowledge structures and problem-solving strategies,(7) Natural language processing for understanding and generating discourses in an integrated framework, thus enabling the system flexibilly to respond to ambiguous and error-afflicted messages by students.(8) A software architecture with a domain-independent core part surrounded by domaindependent modules evolutionally to be added on.In the report, for the convenience of surveyors, there are also included a reference list and a collection of copies of milestone papers by Japanese researchers in the field.