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Cultural sharedness of social cognition: Experimental and social-psychological studies based on communication analyses

社会认知的文化共享：基于传播分析的实验和社会心理学研究

基本信息

批准号：
15330134
负责人：
KARASAWA Minoru
金额：
$ 6.98万
依托单位：
Nagoya University (2006)Kobe University (2003-2005)
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2006
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Empirical studies employing diverse approaches revealed that social cognition is underpinned not only by intra-individual processes but also by collectively shared processes and representations. We first attempted to build a theoretical framework concerning how stereotype-relevant information and causal explanations are transmitted and constructed into collectively shared knowledge. On the basis of this framework, empirical investigations were conducted concerning dyadic conversations and transmission of information among multiple individuals. Also, a cross-linguistic/cultural comparison between Japanese and Western languages revealed differences and commonalities in representations of attributes of individuals.Another set of studies examined the perception of intentionality in individuals' and groups' behavior. The results indicated that an act is perceived as intentional to the extent to which the group is viewed as a coherent social entity. It was also found that the judgment of responsibility is related to the intentionality judgment. Furthermore, we explored the structure of essentialist cognition and its cultural sharedness.The perception of intentionality was also approached though developmental studies. Experiments using the false-belief paradigm revealed that the ability to make inferences on others' intention based on verbal cues is achieved at fairly early ages.Other studies examined the role of social identity and the perception of transparency in meta-cognition. Finally, a series of cross-cultural studies was conducted concerning the comprehension of others' emotional states.

采用不同方法的实证研究表明，社会认知的基础不仅是个人内部的过程，而且集体共享的过程和表征。我们首先试图建立一个理论框架，关于如何刻板印象相关的信息和因果解释传输和构建成集体共享的知识。在此框架的基础上，对多个个体之间的二元对话和信息传递进行了实证研究。此外，通过对日语和西方语言的跨语言/文化比较，发现了在对个人属性的表征上的差异和共同点。另一组研究考察了个人和群体行为中的意向性感知。结果表明，一个行为被认为是故意的程度，该集团被视为一个连贯的社会实体。研究还发现，责任判断与意向性判断相关。此外，我们还探讨了本质主义认知的结构及其文化共享性，并通过发展研究探讨了意向性知觉。使用错误信念范式的实验表明，根据言语线索推断他人意图的能力在相当小的年龄就已经具备。其他研究考察了社会身份和透明度在元认知中的作用。最后，一系列的跨文化研究进行了关于理解他人的情绪状态。