Using English as a Medium of Instruction and Strategic Internationalization : International Comparisons of Short-Term Programs

尽管受到英国帝国主义的指责，“英语作为全球语言”却风靡全球。随着英语的全球化，越来越多的国家将英语作为高等教育和普通教育的国际化战略。这项研究从跨学科的角度探讨了国际化、全球化、民族性、民族性、主导性和英语的作用等问题。这项研究是一系列项目的开始，十年前，东京大学继九州大学之后，成为日本第二所在社会科学和人文科学领域建立特别短期交流项目的国立大学，该项目包括用英语授课。然而，20世纪90年代在国立大学设立这样的课程，带来了许多问题，因为它也创造了国际化的新可能性。这个项目的一些核心成员是Foun…更多的丁丁成员参加了这样的节目，并经历了动荡。对于提出的问题，答案并不明确。无论是关于(例如，英语是国际语言，它将允许来自不同语言的学生在日本学习)和反对(例如，英语是新殖民主义的语言，它加重了教师的负担)使用英语的辩论都从高度意识形态的角度，到了实践层面。这些语言问题触及了英语在高度全球化的世界中意味着什么的核心。语言是一种交流手段，但它不仅仅是一种互动工具。它与一个民族的文化息息相关，它也可以被用作统治、排斥和包容的手段，殖民史充分表明了这一点。在英语已经成为国际政治、经济和科学中的共同语言的世界里，作为一个英语不是母语的国家，日本面临着两难境地，这是世界上非英语国家共同面临的一个困境。这项研究汇集了来自不同学科的学者，从国际化/全球化、种族、民族主义和公平等问题上考察英语。本文试图列出与英语(Ryoko Tsuneyoshi)传播有关的宏观问题，并考察其在不同国家使用的象征性例子。案例研究包括以英语为教学语言的日本高等教育讲座的考试，特别是与上述留学计划有关的讲座(近藤敦子、丸山千香和野水津敏)，以及日本小学的英语活动(Ryoko Tsuneyoshi)。对三所国立大学的教职员工进行了一项调查，以调查他们对使用英语作为教学语言的态度，并检验潜在的假设。来自东南亚的例子，特别是新加坡(Ho Wah Kam)和马亚尔西亚(Rosnani Hashim)的例子被审查，邀请外国客人参加国际研讨会。对韩国(Toru Umakoshi)的案例进行了实地研究，韩国也是一个使用少数民族语言的国家。还为欧盟(出泉)的多语言实验进行了实地研究。较少

Despite the accusations of English imperialism, "English as a Global Language" is popular around the world. As such globalization of English continues, more countries are using English as an internationalization strategy for higher education and for education in general.This study examined issues of internationalization, globalization, ethnicity, nationalism, domination, and the role of English from an interdisciplinary viewpoint.The beginning of the series of projects that this study is a part of, first started a decade ago when the University of Tokyo, in 1994, following Kyushu University, became the second national university in Japan to erect a special short-term exchange program in the social sciences and humanities that consisted of lectures in English. The establishment of such programs in the 1990s in national universities, however, opened up many questions as it also created new possibilities of internationalization. Some of the core members of this project were among the foun … More ding members of such programs, and experienced the turmoil. The answers to the questions raised, were no where clear-cut. Both the debates for (e.g., English is the international language, it will allow students from different linguistic languages to study in Japan) and against (e.g., English is the language of neo-colonialism, it overburdens faculty) the use of English ran from the highly ideological, to the practical.Such language issues touch at the heart of what English means in our highly globalized world. Language is a means of communication, but it is not just a tool of interaction. It is bound to the culture of a people, it can also be used as a means of domination, or exclusion, as well as inclusion, as the history of colonization well shows. The dilemma Japan, as a country where English is not the native language, faces in a world where English has become the common language in international politics, economy, and in science, is one which is shared in many variations by non-English speaking countries around the world.This study brought together scholars from different disciplines to examine English in relation to such issues of internationalization/globalization, ethnicity, nationalism, and equity. The attempt was made to lay out the macro issues related to the spread of English (Ryoko Tsuneyoshi), and to examine symbolic examples of its usage in various countries. The case studies included the examination of Japanese higher education lectures using English as a medium of instruction, especially those related to study abroad programs as described above (Atsuko Kondo, Chika Maruyama, and Tsutomu Nomizu), and English activities in Japanese elementary schools (Ryoko Tsuneyoshi). A survey of faculty in three national universities was conducted to investigate their attitudes towards using English as a medium of instruction and to examine latent assumptions. Examples from South East Asia, especially Singapore (Ho Wah Kam) and Mayalsia (Rosnani Hashim) were examined, inviting foreign guests for an international symposium. Field research was conducted on case studies of Korea (Toru Umakoshi), also a country which uses a minority language. Field research was also conducted for the multi-linguistic experiment in the EU (Kunihisa Izumi). Less