Mechanisms and treatments of autoimmune diseases by Th1/Th2 unbalance

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Summary consisted of 6 items listed bellow concerning mechanisms and treatments of autoimmune diseases by Th1/Th2 unbalance[I].Lupus as Th1 disease : [1].in vivo CpG-ODN-treatment accelerated lupus nephritis during the preactive phase in lupus-prone female NZBxNZWF_1(model) mice, and IL-6 detection in the blood may be an indicator of the onset of the disease. Moreover, IFN-gamma may play a role in IL-6 production. [2].IL-1 and TNF-alfa, which are related to Th1 cytokines, may at least in part be responsible for the increased ICAM-1 expression on endothelium, in cutaneous microvessels, resulting in the vascular injury characterized by neutrophilic lekocytoclasis in B/WF1 mice. [3].CD4^+CD25^+ T cells may, at least in part, downregulate the development of glomerulonephritis during the preactive phase. [II].Type I diabete as Th1 disease. : [1] The systemic administration of IL-4 expressing plasmid DNA inhibited the development of insulitis with impaired glucose tolerance(IGT) in a dose dependent manner. [2]Adhesion molecules(ICAM-1/LFA-1) may be required for the differentiation of Th0 cells to Th1 cwlls, which mediate insulitis with IGT in Reo-2-infected suckling mice.[3].CD4^+CD25^+ T cells may, at least in part,maintain tolerance to Reo-2-triggered and CpG-ODN-induced prolonged mild Th1-depebdent auoimmune insulitis, leading to the overt diabetes.Taken together, the studies suggest that Th2-cytokine expressing plasmid may applicable for a new therapy to lupus as Th1 disease. Moreover our system may give a novel model to elucidate the mechanisms of the development of overt diabetes from borderline diabetes in virus-triggered autoimmune type I diabetes in human.