The methods for correction of economic gap between domestic areas and for optimum local management for environmental improvement

2005年9月17日至10月1日，我们对宁夏进行了实地考察，走访了南部山区的农村和自治区、地方政府机构。12月10日至11日，我们在松江市举办了“协调东亚社会发展与环境”国际研讨会。计划与其他两个小组一起总结研究结果，聚集了300多名参与者。以下是我们通过研究发现的结果1)宁夏南部山区是中国最贫困的地区之一。走访实施“退耕还林”、“封山还草”等生态改善政策的村庄，并进行定点观察，调查农户家庭的社会经济变化，收集数据。2)调查结果表明，生态改善政策对促进非农就业、人口向周边城市流动、农民对未来的不安等方面起到了促进作用。这是环境政策对农村社会经济结构产生强烈影响的典型案例。3)我们还发现了一些农业集团化或品牌化营销的例子，这将为农村的可持续发展提供示范。4)农村人口外流存在扩大当地城市就业机会的问题。地方城市的朝阳产业保持了较高的发展速度，是利用当地资源进行本土化发展的最佳模式。5)在日本，通过改革市政和地方财政，农村地区的情况变得严峻，但我们通过当地调查找到了可以在较不发达地区采用小型农村的一般方法。

In 2005, our survey of Ningxia was practiced from 17th Sep. to 1st Oct. We visited farm villages in southern mountainous area and Autonomous and local governmental body. And on 10-11th Dec., we held international symposium on "Harmonizing social development and environment in eastern Asia" in Matsue city. Which was planned to sum up the results of the study with other two groups and was gathering over 300 participants.Following are the results we found through our study.1)Southern mountainous area in Ningxia is one of the poorest area in China. Visiting to the villages where practicing ecological improvement policy like "Grain for green policy", "Enclosing mountain for no grazing" and our fixed point observation, we surveyed farmer family's social and economic changes and collected data.2)As the result of the survey, ecological improvement policies had effected to promote finding non-agriculture job, flowing out population to neighboring local city and giving farmer uneasiness about future. This is the typical case that environmental policy has strong impact to social-economic structure in rural area.3)Also we find out some examples of agriculture production in group or brand marketing, that will be model examples for sustainable promotion of rural areas.4)There is a problem to enlarge job opportunities in local city for flowing out rural populations. The "Sun-rising" industry in local city, which keep higher rate of development, is best model of indigenous development using local resources.5)In Japan, there become severe situations in rural area by reforming municipalities and local finance, but we found general method that can adopt small-size rural village in less favored area by our local survey.