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Investigation into Actual Conditions of Emission of Fossil Fuel Combustion on the Middle Latitudes of the World for Environmental Preservation

世界中纬度地区化石燃料燃烧排放实际情况调查以保护环境

基本信息

批准号：
15404008
负责人：
MOTONAKA Junko
金额：
$ 7.55万
依托单位：
The University of Tokushima
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2005
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Lots of cities in the middle latitudes of the world often have some environmental problems of pollution such as suspended particle matters, NOx, and photochemical oxidant. The pollution is caused by emission of pollutant due to their high economic activities and large population. Most of the environmental pollution has mainly been caused by fossil fuel combustion. Therefore, we focused on the research for the emission of fossil fuel combustion at Tokushima and Bucharest which were selected as the typical cities in the middle latitudes of the world. First, we investigated the atmospheric pollution caused by airborne particulate matter with heavy metals and as a result, about 41 elements in the reference material could be determined. The fractional distribution factors and enrichment factor of analyte elements of major-to-ultratrace elements were estimated from the analytical results. The enrichment factor (EF) of Pb in Bucharest was higher than that in Japan because of the use of leaded … More gasoline. Furthermore, EFs of Cu,Cd and Ag in Bucharest were higher than that in Tokushima. We also developed the catalyst, which was prepared from oxide of noble metals, for removing of NOx and particle matter.We investigated a recovering method of heavy metals from aquatic environmental samples because of cleaning of polluted aquatic environment. The recovering method of heavy metals includes liquid extraction by using ionic liquids. They have excellent features for low environmental load thorough extraction process. In the study, the extraction of heavy metals in aquatic samples using ionic liquid containing a chelator agent was examined. The quinoline was utilized as the chelator to extract heavy metal ions by liquid/liquid extraction with ionic liquids. The extraction efficiencies of Cu,Zn,Cd and Mn increased as the concentration of the quinoline in ionic liquid increased. These elements could be quantitatively extracted at the 8HQ concentration of 2000 mg I-1 and higher, although Cr(VI) was hardly extracted. Furthermore, the extraction behavior with all ionic liquids show similar tendencies that the extraction efficiencies obtained by this extraction method strongly depend on the chelating ability of the metal ions to the 8HQ ligand. Less

世界中纬度地区的许多城市经常存在一些环境污染问题，如悬浮颗粒物、氮氧化物、光化学氧化剂等。由于这些城市的经济活动频繁，人口众多，污染物的排放造成了污染。大多数环境污染主要是由化石燃料燃烧引起的。因此，我们重点研究了世界中纬度地区典型城市德岛和布加勒斯特的化石燃料燃烧排放。首先，研究了大气颗粒物对大气的重金属污染，确定了标准物质中约41种元素。根据分析结果估计了主微量元素到超微量元素的分析物元素的分数分布因子和富集因子。由于使用含铅汽油，布加勒斯特的铅富集系数（EF）高于日本。布加勒斯特的Cu、Cd和Ag的EFs高于德岛。我们还开发了以贵金属氧化物为原料制备的催化剂，用于去除NOx和颗粒物质。由于水体环境污染的净化，研究了一种回收水体环境样品中重金属的方法。重金属的回收方法包括离子液体萃取法。他们具有优异的特点，低环境负荷彻底的提取过程。研究了含螯合剂的离子液体对水中重金属的萃取作用。以喹啉为螯合剂，采用离子液体液/液萃取法提取重金属离子。随着离子液体中喹啉浓度的增加，Cu、Zn、Cd和Mn的萃取效率提高。这些元素在8HQ浓度为2000 mg I-1及以上时均可被定量提取，但Cr（VI）几乎不能被提取。此外，所有离子液体的萃取行为都表现出相似的趋势，即该萃取方法的萃取效率很大程度上取决于金属离子对8HQ配体的螯合能力。少