Investigation into Actual Conditions of Emission of Fossil Fuel Combustion on the Middle Latitudes of the World for Environmental Preservation

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Lots of cities in the middle latitudes of the world often have some environmental problems of pollution such as suspended particle matters, NOx, and photochemical oxidant. The pollution is caused by emission of pollutant due to their high economic activities and large population. Most of the environmental pollution has mainly been caused by fossil fuel combustion. Therefore, we focused on the research for the emission of fossil fuel combustion at Tokushima and Bucharest which were selected as the typical cities in the middle latitudes of the world. First, we investigated the atmospheric pollution caused by airborne particulate matter with heavy metals and as a result, about 41 elements in the reference material could be determined. The fractional distribution factors and enrichment factor of analyte elements of major-to-ultratrace elements were estimated from the analytical results. The enrichment factor (EF) of Pb in Bucharest was higher than that in Japan because of the use of leaded … More gasoline. Furthermore, EFs of Cu,Cd and Ag in Bucharest were higher than that in Tokushima. We also developed the catalyst, which was prepared from oxide of noble metals, for removing of NOx and particle matter.We investigated a recovering method of heavy metals from aquatic environmental samples because of cleaning of polluted aquatic environment. The recovering method of heavy metals includes liquid extraction by using ionic liquids. They have excellent features for low environmental load thorough extraction process. In the study, the extraction of heavy metals in aquatic samples using ionic liquid containing a chelator agent was examined. The quinoline was utilized as the chelator to extract heavy metal ions by liquid/liquid extraction with ionic liquids. The extraction efficiencies of Cu,Zn,Cd and Mn increased as the concentration of the quinoline in ionic liquid increased. These elements could be quantitatively extracted at the 8HQ concentration of 2000 mg I-1 and higher, although Cr(VI) was hardly extracted. Furthermore, the extraction behavior with all ionic liquids show similar tendencies that the extraction efficiencies obtained by this extraction method strongly depend on the chelating ability of the metal ions to the 8HQ ligand. Less