Study on the philosophical Basis for mutual Understanding of Religions in the Middle Ages.

通过四次国际研讨会和研讨会，我们的联合研究产生了以下结果：由于在中世纪，基督教、伊斯兰教和犹太教主要是相互敌对的，他们没有相互理解的计划，也非常缺乏其他方面的信息。缺乏他人的信息和缺乏相互理解的方案形成了非常负面的互惠行动。但从12世纪开始，西半球发生了惊人的变化，从相互排斥到相互承认。因为它的最大贡献是哲学上关于理性的普遍性的概念，即全人类都有具有普遍有效性的理性。这一思想起源于古希腊，在伊斯兰世界被详细阐述，并被引入基督教西方。在8世纪和9世纪伊斯兰世界从希腊引进这一概念的时候，该地区的基督教学者们发挥了巨大的作用，将希腊遗产翻译成阿拉伯语。在这些情况下，我们可以发现三种宗教的历史共生。普遍原因不仅在一个宗教内部发挥作用，而且在宗教之间的关系中发挥作用。这是更深一层的原因，让我们这样认为。因此，我们共同研究的下一个主题是通过中世纪实现宗教之间的相互理解来明确普遍理性的不同方面。

With four international workshops and symposia our joint study has produced results as follows ; As in the Middle Ages Christianity, Islam and Judaism were mainly hostile each other, they had no scheme for mutual understanding and were very much lacking for informations of the others. The lack of other's informations and the lack of scheme of mutual understanding formed very negative reciprocal actions. So there was no thought of religious tolerance as in the modern time.But since the 12^<th> century on in the Western Hemisphere occurred a marvelous change ; from the mutual rejection to a mutual recognition between the three religions. The greatest contribution for it was philosophycal notion of the universality of reason ; namely all mankind has reason that has universal validity. This thought had originated from ancient Greece and has been elaborated in the Islamic world to be imported to the christian West. On the occasion when in the 8^<th> and 9^<th> century the Islamic world had imported the notion from Greece, Christian scholors in the areas had played great rolle to translate the greek heritage into Arabic. In these cases we can find a historical colaboration of the three religions.The universal reason comes into play not only within a religion, but also in relations between religions. It is further the reason that make us so think. This insight was been held by Thomas Aquinas and Nicholas of Cusa.A next theme of our joint study is therefore to make clear different aspects of rolls of the universal reason by medieval realization of mutual understanding between the religions.