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Theoretical and Descriptive Study of the Auxiliary Verb Systems in Natural Languages

自然语言助动词系统的理论和描述性研究

基本信息

批准号：
16320061
负责人：
WASHIO Ryuichi
金额：
$ 5.91万
依托单位：
University of Tsukuba
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2004
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2004 至 2007
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The present research looked into the possible interrelations among the following properties of Modern English, contrasting them with those found in other Germanic languages such as German and Dutch. (1) English lacks impersonal passives (unlike German/Dutch), (2) English lacks auxiliary selection (unlike German/Dutch), (3) verbs in the present tense generally lack imperfective interpretation in English (unlike German/Dutch), (4) English has the periphrastic BE+Ving construction (unlike German/Dutch), (5) passives in English involve the auxiliary verb BE (not BECOME as in German/Dutch), (6) English, like Dutch and unlike German, largely lacks case distinctions, (7) English allows dative passives (unlike German/Dutch), (8) the so-called free datives are severely restricted in English (like Dutch and unlike German), (9) the present perfect construction generally disallows the occurrence of adverbs like YESTERDAY (unlike German/Dutch), (10) English has the causative construction based on the verb HAVE (unlike German/Dutch). After identifying some crucial interrelations holding among these properties, the present research examined Japanese and other Asian languages to see if similar generalizations hold in typologically/genealogically different languages. Our research shows that properties (2) and (9), for instance, do tend to correlate across languages of different types.

本研究探讨了现代英语的以下属性之间可能存在的相互关系，并将其与其他日耳曼语言（如德语和荷兰语）中的属性进行了对比。(1)英语缺少非人称被动语态（与德语/荷兰语不同），（2）英语缺乏辅助选择（不像德语/荷兰语），（3）英语中的现在时态动词通常缺乏不完成式解释（与德语/荷兰语不同），（4）英语有迂回的BE+Ving结构（与德语/荷兰语不同），（5）英语中的被动句涉及助动词BE（不是德语/荷兰语中的BECOME），（6）英语，像荷兰语而不像德语，在很大程度上缺乏格的区分，（7）英语允许与格被动（不像德语/荷兰语），（8）所谓的自由与格在英语中受到严格限制（像荷兰语，不像德语），（9）现在完成时结构一般不允许出现像YESTERDAY这样的副词（不像德语/荷兰语），（10）英语有基于动词HAVE的使役结构（不像德语/荷兰语）。在确定了这些属性之间的一些重要的相互关系后，本研究考察了日语和其他亚洲语言，看看是否有类似的概括在类型学/谱系学上不同的语言。例如，我们的研究表明，属性（2）和（9）在不同类型的语言中确实存在相关性。