A Study of Language Contacts among the Cuneiform Languages in the Ancient Near East

很明显，古近东的楔形文字语言之间的语言接触是广泛的。赫梯语中的粒子-ma在功能上与非印欧语的Hurrian粒子-ma相对应，因为Hurrian对赫梯皇室有很大的影响。象形文字卢维语中的语气词-si在功能上也与Palaic- si相似，虽然Palaic是用楔形文字书写的。此外，从赫梯人比较研究的角度来看，3 sg的形态变化。中被动末梢，- >-ta和- >atta，在证实的赫梯历史上仍在运行，这一事实也表明3sg。*-中的中被动动词不会追溯到非常早期的时期，也就是说，赫梯人仍然保留了一种非常古老的古语，用于重建原始印欧语系的语言系统。了解闪族语言的发源地对我们进行闪族比较研究也是非常重要的。目前关于闪米特人的故乡有各种各样的理论。我们认为语言迁移理论适用于(1)最大多样性最小迁移模型和(2)重心模型。因此，我们假设闪米特人的家园可能位于农业地区和闪米特人的语言接触地区，例如美索不达米亚或叙利亚/巴勒斯坦的某些地区。西亚文语言学会年会在京都产业大学举行，由大四郎教授主持，报告研究成果。

It is clear that the language contact among the cuneiform languages in the Ancient Near East is widespread. The particle -ma in Hittite is clearly attested, functionally corresponding to Hurrian, non-Indo-European, particle- ma, since the Hurrian had a great influence on the Hittite royalty. And the particle -si in Hieroglyphic Luwian is also functionally parallel to Palaic- si as a reflexive particle, though Palaic is written in cuneiform writing. Moreover, from the viewpoint of Hittite comparative study, the morphological changes in 3 sg. Mediopassive endings, -a>-ta and -a>atta, were still operating during attested Hittite history, and also this fact shows that 3 sg. Mediopassive verbs in *-to do not go back to a very early period, that is, Hittite still preserves an archaism of remarkable antiquity for reconstructing the Proto-Indo-European verbal system. And also it is very important for us to understand the homeland of Semitic languages for Semitic comparative study. At present there are various kinds of theories for the homeland of Semitic. And we consider that the linguistic migration theory is valid for it that is, (1) model of maximum diversity and minimal moves and (2) center of gravity model. Thus we assume that the homeland of Semitic is possibly located in both an agricultural area and a linguistic contact area among Semitic people, such as some area of Mesopotamia or Syria/Palestine. The annual meeting of Western Asiatic Linguistic Society is held at Kyoto Sangyo University which Prof. Oshiro presides for reporting research results.