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Development of microcalorimeter arrays for observing the missing baryon in the universe

开发用于观测宇宙中缺失重子的微量热计阵列

基本信息

批准号：
16340077
负责人：
ISHISAKI Yoshitaka
金额：
$ 10.3万
依托单位：
Tokyo Metropolitan University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2004
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2004 至 2006
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Aiming to realize TES (Transition-Edge Sensor) microcalorimeter with energy resolution of 2 eV and 16 x 16 pixels, we conducted following studies: (1) evaluation of microcalorimeter device and feed-back to the device fabrication, (2) research for readout system of 256 pixel microcalorimeter signals, (3) investigation of the interface to the adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator (ADR) onboard small scientific satellites. These results are summarized as the proposal document of the DIOS (Diffuse Intergalactic Oxygen Surveyor) mission utilizing a small satellite for mapping the warm-hot intergalactic medium (WHIM) known as the missing baryon in the universe, probing the ionized oxygen lines (OVII, OVIII).We fabricated a device using the sputtering machine at TMU, and conducted in-house processing at ISAS and AIST. The derived energy resolution was 4.8 eV (E/dE=1200) which is the Japanese record (world record is 2.4 eV by NIST group). We also fabricated a 256 pixel devices and succeeded in detecting X-rays with them. As for the readout system, signal readout with 8-input SQUID was investigated. Gamma-ray TES calorimeter attached with a tin absorber was tested, and 40 eV energy resolution at 60 keV was demonstrated. CPA (Chromium Potassium Alum) saltpill for ADR was made by a circulation method, and achieved 60 mK temperature at University of Wisconsin.In parallel, study of clusters of galaxies was performed using the Suzaku satellite launched in July 2005. Monte-carlo simulator including a ray-tracing of the X-ray telescope and the simplified simulation of X-ray CCD camera with a response matrix file (RMF) was developed to analyze spatially extended celestial targets like clusters of galaxies.

旨在实现TES在具有2 eV能量分辨率和16 x 16像素的（过渡边缘传感器）微量热计中，我们进行了以下研究：（2）256像素微量热计信号读出系统的研究，（3）研究小型科学卫星上绝热退磁制冷机的接口。这些结果被总结为DIOS（Diffuse Intergalactic Oxygen Surveyor）任务的提案文件，该任务利用小卫星测绘宇宙中被称为缺失重子的温热星系际介质（WHIM），探测电离氧线（OVII，OVIII）。我们使用TMU的溅射机制作了一个设备，并在ISAS和AIST进行了内部处理。导出的能量分辨率为4.8 eV（E/dE=1200），这是日本的记录（NIST组的世界记录为2.4 eV）。我们还制作了一个256像素的器件，并成功地用它们探测X射线。在读出系统方面，研究了8输入SQUID的信号读出。对带有锡吸收体的γ射线TES量能器进行了测试，在60 keV处的能量分辨率为40 eV。在威斯康星州大学用循环法制造了用于ADR的CPA（铬钾明矾）盐丸，温度达到60 mK。与此同时，利用2005年7月发射的朱雀卫星进行了星系团的研究。为了分析空间扩展的天体目标，如星系团，开发了蒙特-卡罗模拟器，包括X射线望远镜的光线追迹和带有响应矩阵文件（RMF）的X射线CCD相机的简化模拟。