Analysis of adaptive genes in allogamous and autogamous plant populations

我们试图推测荞麦（Fagopyrum esculentum Monch）作为异交模式植物的生态分化机制。通过尝试寻找光周期响应基因区域，共确定了FeFKF1、FeLHY、FeGI、FeELF3、FeCO和FeFT 6个同源基因区域。此外，根据QTL分析，绘制了与光周期响应相关的区域。调查结果表明，FeLHY、FeGI和FeELF 3个基因的遗传多样性在秋季型和夏季型之间存在差异，且与光周期反应的关系也存在差异。此外，在FeLHY、FeGI和FeELF3基因区发生了选择。对于荞麦光周期响应的生态分化机制，可以认为是在夏季长日照条件下实现了秋型的潜在遗传变异后，朝光周期响应水平降低的方向进行了选择，夏型发生了分化。为评价三叶报春花（Primula siboldii）群体内和群体间适应性性状的遗传变异，对日本几个报春花群体的砧木进行了普通园林试验。表型（QST）群体间分化明显大于中性分子标记（FST）群体间的遗传分化。结果表明，这些表型与适应有关。一个野生群体的出芽日期多样性不能用两个有关出芽日期的等位基因检测来评价。而在异花柱上，长花柱花和短花柱花分别检测到2个或2个以上的特异等位基因。可以说，通过这些等位基因可以区分异型。

We tried to presume the mechanism of the ecological differentiation of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Monch) as a model of outcrossing plant species. Six homology gene areas of FeFKF1, FeLHY, FeGI, FeELF3, FeCO, and FeFT in total were confirmed as a result of trying the search for the photoperiodic response gene area. Moreover, the area that related to the photoperiodic response was mapped as a result of the QTL analysis. The genetic diversity was different between the autumn and the summer type in the three genes of FeLHY, FeGI, and FeELF as a result of surveying these areas and the relations to the photoperiodic response. Moreover, the selection was caused in FeLHY, FeGI, and the FeELF3 gene area. As for the mechanism of the ecological differentiation in buckwheat photoperiodic response, it was presumed that the selection in the direction where a photoperiodic response level lowered after actualizing a potential genetic variation of the autumn type under the long day condition in summer, and the summer type had differentiated. To evaluate the genetic variation of adaptive characters of primrose (Primula sieboldii) within and among populations, we tried to do common garden experiment for the stocks originated from several populations in Japan. The differentiation among populations of the phenotype (QST) was remarkably larger than the genetic differentiation of neutral molecular markers (FST). It was suggested that these phenotypes related to the adaptation. The diversity of the budding date of a wild population was not able to be evaluated by allele detected with two loci concerning the budding date. However, For heterostyly, two or more loci showed a peculiar allele in the long-styled flower and the short-styled flower respectively were detected. It can be said that the heterostyly can be distinguished by these allele.