Distribution, Transport and Accumulation Processes of Anthropogenic Pollutants in Oceanic and Deep-sea Ecosystems

为了评估人为污染物对深海生态系统影响的现状，在东南亚、赤道太平洋和日本中部相模湾的边缘海进行了调查，并分析了各种生态系统组成部分的污染物水平，包括浮游生物和底栖生物、海洋雪和海底沉积物，特别是生物的生态特性，例如它们的垂直分布和营养级。对苏禄海的有机锡化合物、有机氯和多溴联苯醚的分析首次表明，这些化合物在该地区的深海动物体内积累，但其含量低于西太平洋其他更靠近北方的地区。在相模湾，从所有分析的深海动物中检测到有机锡化合物，包括中层微浮游生物、底栖无脊椎动物和底层鱼类。微量元素和稳定同位素比值分析表明，δ^<15>N与Hg、Sn、Cs等元素呈正相关，与Cu、Mo、Ba等元素呈负相关，表明不同分类地位和不同生理生态特性的生物积累趋势不同。同步调查的垂直结构的中上层组合建议的重要性，食草性桡足类，桡足类，饲料海洋雪，鱼类和十足类micronekton进行显着的昼夜垂直迁移的污染物的主动运输。稳定同位素比的分析提出了另一种途径，通过这种途径，吸附在海洋雪上的污染物从表面浮游植物迅速下沉到底部，被纳入底栖生物群落。

To assess the present status of the impact of anthropogenic pollutants on deep-sea ecosystems, investigations were made in the marginal seas of Southeast Asia, the equatorial Pacific, and Sagami Bay, central Japan, and levels of pollutants were analyzed for various ecosystem components, including pelagic- and benthic organisms, marine snow, and bottom sediments with special reference to the ecological properties of the organisms, such as their vertical distributions and trophic levels. The analysis of organotin compunds, organochlorines and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the Sulu Sea revealed, for the first time, that these compounds are accumulated in the deep-sea animals in the area, while their levels are lower than in the other, more northern areas of the western Pacific. In Sagami Bay, organotin compounds were detected from all deep-sea animals that were analyzed, including mesopelagic micronekton, benthic invertebrates and demersal fishes. The analysis of trace elements and stable-isotope ratios indicated positive correlations of of δ^<15>N with such elements as Hg, Sn, Cs, but negative correlations with others such as Cu, Mo, Ba, indicating different trends of accumulation between organisms of different taxonomic positions and with different physiological/ecological properties. Concurrent investigations on the vertical structure of pelagic assemblages suggested importance of herbivorous copepods, the copepods that feed on marine snow, and fish- and decapod micronekton that perform marked diel vertical migration in the active transport of the pollutants. An analysis of stable-isotope ratios suggested another pathway by which pollutants adsorbed on marine snow derived from surface phytoplankton quickly sink to the bottom to be incorporated into the benthic communities.