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Distribution, Transport and Accumulation Processes of Anthropogenic Pollutants in Oceanic and Deep-sea Ecosystems

海洋和深海生态系统中人为污染物的分布、迁移和积累过程

基本信息

批准号：
16380217
负责人：
NISHIDA Shuhei
金额：
$ 6.46万
依托单位：
The University of Tokyo
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2004
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2004 至 2006
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-16380217/
关键词：
deep-sea ecosystem food web pollutants trophic level trace metals stable-isotope ratio Sagami Bay Sulu Sea 安定同位対比有機スズ化合物有機塩素化合物脂肪酸組成

项目摘要

To assess the present status of the impact of anthropogenic pollutants on deep-sea ecosystems, investigations were made in the marginal seas of Southeast Asia, the equatorial Pacific, and Sagami Bay, central Japan, and levels of pollutants were analyzed for various ecosystem components, including pelagic- and benthic organisms, marine snow, and bottom sediments with special reference to the ecological properties of the organisms, such as their vertical distributions and trophic levels. The analysis of organotin compunds, organochlorines and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the Sulu Sea revealed, for the first time, that these compounds are accumulated in the deep-sea animals in the area, while their levels are lower than in the other, more northern areas of the western Pacific. In Sagami Bay, organotin compounds were detected from all deep-sea animals that were analyzed, including mesopelagic micronekton, benthic invertebrates and demersal fishes. The analysis of trace elements and stable-isotope ratios indicated positive correlations of of δ^<15>N with such elements as Hg, Sn, Cs, but negative correlations with others such as Cu, Mo, Ba, indicating different trends of accumulation between organisms of different taxonomic positions and with different physiological/ecological properties. Concurrent investigations on the vertical structure of pelagic assemblages suggested importance of herbivorous copepods, the copepods that feed on marine snow, and fish- and decapod micronekton that perform marked diel vertical migration in the active transport of the pollutants. An analysis of stable-isotope ratios suggested another pathway by which pollutants adsorbed on marine snow derived from surface phytoplankton quickly sink to the bottom to be incorporated into the benthic communities.

为了评估人为污染物对深海生态系统的影响现状，对东南亚边缘海、赤道太平洋和日本中部相模湾进行了调查，并分析了各种生态系统组成部分的污染物水平，包括中上层和底栖生物、海洋积雪和海底沉积物，特别关注深海生态系统的生态特性。生物体，例如它们的垂直分布和营养级。对苏禄海有机锡化合物、有机氯和多溴二苯醚的分析首次表明，这些化合物在该地区的深海动物中积累，但其含量低于西太平洋其他更北部地区。在相模湾，所有接受分析的深海动物中都检测到了有机锡化合物，包括中层微游生物、底栖无脊椎动物和底层鱼类。微量元素及稳定同位素比值分析表明，δ^15N与Hg、Sn、Cs等元素呈正相关，而与Cu、Mo、Ba等元素呈负相关，表明不同分类位置、不同生理/生态特性的生物体之间积累趋势不同。对中上层生物群落垂直结构的同时研究表明，草食性桡足类、以海雪为食的桡足类以及在污染物主动运输中进行显着昼夜垂直迁移的鱼类和十足类微游生物的重要性。对稳定同位素比率的分析表明了另一种途径，通过该途径，表面浮游植物产生的海洋雪上吸附的污染物迅速沉入底部并融入底栖群落。