The Amurland Culture and Formation of Material Culture of the Ainu-A Study in Linguistics, Ecological Anthropology

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The project is an extensive study based on the project-survey of the Ainu material culture realized in 1995-2001 in six museums in Russia. The culture of the Sakhalin Ainu, in particular, as it became even more apparent, couldn't be understood without taking in account of the cultures of their neighbors in Amurland, i. e. the natives of the Sakhalin and the Amur River basin.The project team carried out field surveys in the villages Bulava(the Ul'chi), Naikhin(the Nanai), Kondon(the Nanai) along the Amur river, and Krasnyj Yar(the Udekhe) in the Primor Region. Among the natives of different languages we could get information of their traditional material cultures(clothing, wood curving, basket making, cooking etc.), folklore and linguistic data. In parallel with the field survey in the Amurland, a joint work over the collections of the museums in Petersburg was realized with some specialists from the region. And also some investigation was tried with an aim togain information about the collections of ethnology of the Amurland in Europe.The common ecological conditions, close contacts including marriage, trading among the natives of the area support the idea of "Amurland culture". In this framework every local culture may be discussed more effectively, and consequently it may help to develop further study of the cultures in the northern part of Japan.