A study of the biological interaction among social insects on the rainforest canopy in Southeast Asia

本项目主要研究了热带雨林冠层上3种主要的生物相互作用，以阐明它们之间相互作用的维持和机制。白蚁-白蚁相互作用对龙脑香林的林下、雨林冠层和中间层的白蚁及其生态功能进行了评价。并对白蚁的物质运输能力进行了研究。这些结果表明，林冠层中也有相当数量的白蚁存在，且不同区域的白蚁有其不同的聚集模式。某些种类的白蚁具有广泛的垂直分布范围和从地面向树冠的运输能力.植物-蚂蚁和蟑螂的相互作用在婆罗洲的龙脑香林树冠中调查了两种附生蕨类植物，扁蕨和蜡蚧，Crematogaster difformis蚂蚁和Pseudoanaplectinia yumotoi蟑螂。对蚂蚁和蟑螂进行了行为学实验和化学分析。从行为学实验结果来看，汤本氏拟步甲是我国南方古猿上唯一的、重要的亲蚁性昆虫。异形菌落。本文分析了日本白蛾和日本白蛾的CHCs。这些结果表明，P yumotoi已经成功地以独特的和未知的方式渗透到宿主蚂蚁群体中，并且蚂蚁C.异形蚁也有一种独特的方式来识别其他蚂蚁个体。白蚁与蚂蚁的相互作用在对大量白蚁加工的实地观察中，我们发现了一些明显的证据，即站在一旁的士兵完全控制了加工工人的流动。通过化学分析、野外和室内生物测定等方法，对斑潜蝇头提取物进行了研究，发现一些倍半萜类化合物可能是斑潜蝇头的候选信息素或围封信息素。

In this project, 3 major interactions on the rainforest canopy were investigated to clarify the maintenance and mechanism of there biological interactions.1. Termites-termites interactionsAssessment of termites and their ecological function on the forest floor, the rainforest canopy and intermediate area were carried out in dipterocarp forest. Material transportation ability of termites was also investigated. All these results show that there are considerable amount of termites exist also in the canopy and termites of each area have its own assemblage pattern. Certain termite species have wide range of vertical distribution and transportation ability from the ground level to the canopy.2. Plant-ants and myrmecophilious cockroaches interactionsTwo epiphytic ferns, Platycerium and Lecanopteris, Crematogaster difformis ant, and Pseudoanaplectinia yumotoi cockroache were investigated in dipterocarp forest canopy in Borneo. The behavioral experiments and chemical analysis of ants and cockroaches were also carried out. From the behavioral experiments, it suggests that P. yumotoi is the only and prominent myrmecophile on C. difformis colonies. We analyzed CHCs of P yumotoi and C. difformis using GC and GC-MS. These results suggest that P yumotoi has succeeded to penetrate host ant colony in a unique and unknown manner, and the ant C. difformis also have a unique way to recognize the other ant individuals.3. Termites-ants interactionsUnder the field observation of huge processing of the termite, We found some clear evidences that the soldiers stand aside completely control the stream of processing workers. Chemical analysis of the soldier head extract and field and laboratory bioassay was conducted to reproduce the behavior of the workers, some sesquiterpen compounds was found to be the candidate or the enclosure pheromone.