Phylogeography of the component plant species and phytophagous insects of warm temperate region in Taiwan and Japan

利用等位酶和核苷酸序列分析对台湾和日本温暖温带地区的组成植物物种进行了系统地理学研究。本研究主要从台湾和日本的不同地区收集了日本法属植物（Farfugium japonicum）和日本芍药（Peucedanum japonicum）的植物资料。我们以前阐明了这些植物在琉球南部的种群分布。石垣和伊斯。在基因上与中、北琉球（冲绳群岛）有很好的区别。这就是奄美群岛。（托卡拉群岛）。这一现象被认为是由南琉球和台湾种群之间的遗传交换引起的。然而，本研究结果清楚地显示，在这两种植物中，琉球南部的群体甚至与台湾的群体也有良好的遗传分化。因此，我们强烈认为琉球南部的日本稻和日本稻可能在地理上与台湾或琉球其他地区分离了很长时间，从而获得了遗传独特性。本研究另一个有趣的发现是台湾兰屿和中琉球两种植物种群的遗传相似性。同工酶分析表明，兰屿地区的日本血吸虫和日本血吸虫居群与冲绳和奄美岛居群的遗传相似性高于与台湾居群的遗传相似性。它们也共享叶绿体dna的单倍型。考虑到兰屿岛是近代形成的火山岛，岛上的植物种群是由琉球中部罕见的长距离扩散而形成的。由于在过去的植物地理学研究中经常记录到从南到北的大部分扩散事件，因此提出了该物种从北向南的长距离扩散是非常有趣的。

We performed phylogeographic studies of the component plant species of warm temperate regions of Taiwan and Japan using allozyme and nucleotide sequencing analyses. We mainly examined Farfugium japonicum and Peucedanum japonicum after collecting their plant materials from various locaities of Taiwan and Japan. We formerly elucidated that populations of these plant species in Southern Ryukyu (Is.Ishigaki and Is. Iriomote) are genetically well differentiated from those of Middle and Northern Ryukyu (the Okinawa Isls., the Amami Isls., the Tokara Isls.). It was considered that this phenomenon was caused by genetic exchange between the populations of Southern Ryukyu and Taiwan. However, the results of this study clearly revealed that populations of Southern Ryukyu are genetically well differentiated even from those of Taiwan in these two plant species. Therefore, it was strongly suggested that Southern Ryukyu populations of F.japonicum and P.japonicum have been separated maybe geographically either from Taiwan or the other regions of Ryukyu for long times so that they obtained genetical uniqueness.Another interesting findings of this study is genetic similarities between populations of these two plant species from LanYu Island of Taiwan and Middle Ryukyu. The populations of of F.japonicum and P.japonicum of LanYu are genetically more similar to those of Okinawa and Amami Islands than those of Taiwan based on allozyme analysis. They also share haplotypes of chloroplast DNAs. Taking that Lanyu Island was recently formed volcanic island into account, the plant populations of the islands were established by rare long distance dispersal from Middle Ryukyu. It is very interesting that long distance dispersal from north to south was suggested in this species because mostly dispersal events from south to north are often documented in the past phytogeographical studies.