Development of dry-seed broadcasting and adoption of rice cultivars through farmer participation in Northeast Thailand

在泰国东北部的水稻产区进行旱播增产的研究结果如下：(1)（2）在生长条件较好的条件下，中、下田播种量在30 kg/ha以下不减产;（3）早播（如早播、早播种）。G. 4月、5月）的光周期敏感型品种。G. KDML 105）在中、低田条件下，除极低田外，都可能导致产量下降。（4）在中、低田条件下，为了获得4 t/ha以上的产量，在低地品种抽穗后，要维持生物产量，生育后期的养分管理是重要的。（5）为节省劳力而省略的耙耕对产量的提高有积极作用。特别是在杂草田，（6）行的组合 关于我们 在水分条件较差的田间，播种和行间除草比常规干播增产。（7）在生长条件较好的中低田块，部分早熟品种直播增产效果与常规干播相当。未来的挑战是利用模型来了解农民密植的有效性和局限性，特别是在不利条件下，并发明一种简单的行播装置，以加速采用行播的替代用途。G.考虑到全球企业推进生物技术的全球形势和《粮食和农业植物遗传资源国际条约》（2004年）的问题，鼓励增加“有机大米”或“良好农业做法”等价值。虽然一些非政府组织致力于保护和利用泰国传统水稻品种，但在农场层面上，泰国的水稻品种远少于邻国柬埔寨。由于全球稻米市场的增长、国际稻米价格的变化以及亚洲农业生物技术的发展和采用等不确定因素，需要继续监测泰国的稻米遗传资源管理和稻米生产。少

The following findings were obtained for yield improvement of dry-seed broadcasting in rainfed rice producing areas in Northeast Thailand. (1) Characterize the rainfed lowlands into drought prone upper fields, flood prone lower fields, and intermediate fields that occupied majority of the areas, (2) Yield did not decrease up to 30kg/ha of seed rates under intermediate and lower fields when the growth conditions were favourbale, (3) Earlier seeding (e. g. April, May) of photoperiod sensitive cultivars with intermediate growth duration (e. g. KDML105) was likely to result in yield reduction except under very low fields, (4) Nutrient management during later growth stage was important to maintain biomass production after heading for rainfed lowland cultivars in order to obtain yields higher than 4 t/ha under intermediate and lower fields, (5) Harrowing, which often is omitted for laborsaving, had a positive effect on yield improvement, particularly in weedy fields, (6) Combination of row s … More eeding and interrow weeding yielded higher than the conventional dry-seed broadcasting in fields with unfavourable water availability, (7) Some early maturing cultivars yielded as high in direct seeding under intermediate and lower fields with favorable growing conditions. The future challenge is to use modeling to understand the effectiveness and limitation of dense seeding by farmers particularly under unfavorable conditions, and to invent a simple row seeding device to accelerate adoption of alternative use of row seeding.Thai government has regulated transfer of rice seeds (e. g. jasmine rice), and encouraged to add values such as "organic rice" or "good agricultural practice", considering the global situations of advancement of biotechnology by global enterprises and the issue of International Treaty for Food and Agricultural Plant Genetic Resources (2004). Although some NGO worked on conservation and utilization of Thai traditional rice varieties, rice cultivar variety is much less in Thailand than in its neighbor country Cambodia, on a farm level. As there are uncertain factors such as increment of global rice market, international rice price changes, and development and adoption of agricultural biotechnology in Asia, it is needed to continue to monitor rice genetic resource management and rice production in Thailand. Less