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Improvement of structure and function of root system and investigation of signal substrates in Soybean for the enhancement of waterlogging tolerance.

大豆根系结构和功能的改善及增强耐涝性的信号底物研究

基本信息

批准号：
14360009
负责人：
MORITA Shigenori
金额：
$ 7.94万
依托单位：
The University of Tokyo
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2002 至 2004
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-14360009/
关键词：
Soybean Waterlogging Root system Bleeding rate Soil molding 出液耐湿性不定根

项目摘要

We focused on the bleeding rate as an index of root-system vitality of soybean, and made its dynamics through the plant growth and its diurnal change clear. With the bleeding rate, it was shown that the treatment of soil molding enhanced the root-system vitality all through the plant growth, resulting in higher shoot dry matter production and yields in both dry and wet years. The promoted development of adventitious roots, which are newer than (i.e., not so aged as) taproot, contributed to this enhancement of the root-system vitality. In an experiment on waterlogging, the growth of taproot was severely inhibited by the excessive soil moisture. and, instead, adventitious root were formed from the hypocotyl and basal part of the stem, which distributed and crawled around the soil surface. Thus, the effects of soil molding, which promotes adventitious roots formation and offer them the soil space for distribution and functioning, on the tolerance against waterlogging in soybean. The molding did not alleviate the inhibition of shoot growth (leaf area, leaf color, dry weight) during the 20-day waterlogging treatment, but remarkably enhanced the recovery after the treatment. The final shoot dry biomass and yield of waterlogged soybean was significantly enlarged by the molding. The root system of the molded and waterlogged soybean was very shallow but maintained large total root length by the development of adventitious roots in the molded part of the soil. The results indicated that soil molding can be a good management to avoid the excessive water stress that often occurs in paddy-fielded-originated soybean fields in Japan.

以伤流速率作为衡量大豆根系活力的指标，通过植株生长及其日变化，明确了伤流速率的动态变化。从伤害率来看，土壤整形处理在整个植株生长过程中都增强了根系的活力，在干旱和潮湿年份都能获得较高的地上部干物质产量和产量。不定根比主根晚(即不比主根老)，促进了不定根的发育，有助于提高根系活力。在一次渍水试验中，土壤水分过多严重抑制了主根的生长。不定根是由茎的下胚轴和基部形成的，茎的下胚轴和茎基部分布在土壤表面并在土壤表面爬行。因此，土壤成型促进了不定根的形成，并为不定根的分布和功能提供了土壤空间，从而影响了大豆的耐湿性。在20天的渍水处理中，模塑处理没有缓解对新梢生长(叶面积、叶色、干重)的抑制，但显著地促进了处理后的恢复。浸渍大豆的最终地上部干生物量和产量显着增加。型渍大豆的根系很浅，但通过不定根在土壤成型部分的发育，维持了较大的总根长。结果表明，土壤整地可以很好地避免日本水田大豆田经常出现的过度水分胁迫。