The elucidation and use of a soil microorganism function for Japan-specific rotation system establishment

土壤微生物功能的阐明和用于日本特有轮作系统建立的用途

基本信息

批准号：
17380009
负责人：
MORITA Shigenori
金额：
$ 10.79万
依托单位：
The University of Tokyo
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2005
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2005 至 2007
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Farther analysis and effective use of soil microorganisms are expected as a tool to establish the Japan-specific rotation system with utilizing idle fields and the sustainable environmentally-friendly cultivation system. In the present project, the two studies were conducted : (1) the formation of root system and the synergetic effect of rhizobium and mycorrhiza in peanut, and (2) analysis of microflora in rhizosphere using molecular biological methods.In the former study, peanut was studied because of its high potentiality for low-input sustainable cultivation. The distribution of root nodules and their nitrogen-fixing ability were analyzed associated with the structure of root system. The results suggested the possibility to control the nodulation by manipulating the root system morphology. Moreover, the experiment of the dual inoculation of rhizobium and mycorrhiza to peanut suggested that the mycorrhiza contribute to the maintenance of root nodule activity in the root system of peanut, in particular under salinity stressIn the latter study, molecular biological methods were applied to examine the community structure and biomass of soil microorganisms and to investigate the effects of crop species and cultivation managements on them. Namely, the bacterial communities in the rhizosphere of rice cultivated in lowland and upland fields, and that in rotation system including rape were analyzed using PCR-DGGE and FISH. The analysis showed clear difference in dominant species of rhizosphere bacteria between lowland and upland fields and the change of biomass of dominant bacteria by environmental conditions in the rape rhizosphere.The present studies suggested that the manipulation of the synergetic conditions of rhizobium and mycorrhiza with crop plants and the monitoring of microflora in rhizosphere using molecular biological methods could contribute to establish the new sustainable cropping system with small environment load.

期望将土壤微生物的分析和有效利用土壤微生物作为一种工具，可以利用闲置场和可持续的环境友好型耕种系统来建立日本特定的旋转系统。在本项目中，进行了两项研究：（1）根系形成根系和花生中根茎和菌根的协同作用，以及（2）使用分子生物学方法对根际菌对小氯菌进行分析。在以前的研究中，Peanut进行了研究，由于其低输入可持续性培养的高潜力，对Peanut进行了研究。分析了与根系结构相关的根结节的分布及其固定能力。结果表明，通过操纵根系形态来控制结节的可能性。此外，对花生的根茎和菌根的双重接种的实验表明，菌根有助于维持花生根系中的根结节活性，尤其是在盐度压力下，尤其是后一种研究，分子生物学方法应用于培养物质和生物群的培养和生物质量和生物群的培养和生物培养。也就是说，使用PCR-DGGE和FISH分析了在低地和高地田野中种植的水稻根际的细菌群落，并在包括强奸的旋转系统中进行了分析。该分析表明，低地和高地领域之间的根际细菌主要种类明显差异，以及在强奸根际中环境条件中主要的细菌生物量的变化。目前的研究表明，在根茎植物中对根茎植物和菌根植物的生物系统进行了对rhizofter insogiation s Martogulation Sopration Sopration s Sopration Sopitigation造成了分类方法的协同作用，该研究是对根瘤菌的协同作用。小型环境负载。