The evolution and impact of Colonial medicines in Modern China

本课题的研究目的是确定19世纪下半叶至20世纪下半叶欧洲殖民医学、英国殖民医学在上海、法国殖民医学也在上海、俄国殖民医学在大连、日本殖民医学在近代中国的基本情况。本课题的主要研究方法是对各地区档案中保存的公共卫生部门的原始资料和文献进行分析。根据四年的研究结果，我想就殖民医学和帝国医学在近代中国的作用总结如下几点。台湾和中国等殖民地政府对医学和公共卫生的制度化，如台湾的台北、中国的上海国际殖民地、哈尔滨和满洲里的戴仁，对这些地区的本土社会起到了重要的控制作用。在我考察过的这些地区，特别是在农村地区，“殖民现代性”被强迫到原住民soi…。每个殖民地政府都会有更多的细节。这种强化的过程也是“现代性”交流的过程。在“现代性”的强化和交流之后，反殖民主义运动也是由本土精英组织起来的，其中包括接受殖民地政府创办的医学院教育的医生。在以往的研究中，很少有人关注医学和公共卫生在近代中国中的作用，但殖民医学的影响很大。而近代中国的医疗卫生基本制度是从19世纪末开始在“日本模式”的影响下建立起来的。事实上，日本医学和包括殖民医学在内的公共卫生对东亚的影响不容忽视。这些结论并不意味着殖民医学和帝国医学对殖民地的发展是有意义的，因为医学和公共卫生是干预殖民/本土社会的最好工具。在这些地区，医药和公共健康具有双重意义。较少

The purpose of this research project is to confirm the basic situation of European colonial medicines; British one in shanghai, French one also in shanghai, Russian one in Dalian, and Japanese colonial medicine in Modern china from the half of 19th century to the half of 20th century.The main method of this project is to analyze the primary sources and documents of public health department that were preserved in the archives of each region.At the result of 4 years research, I would like to conclude the following points on the role of colonial medicine and imperial medicine in Modern china1. The institutionalization of medicine and public health by colonial governments in Taiwan and china, for example Taipei of Taiwan, the shanghai International settlement of china, Harbin and Dairen of Manchuria, played an important role to control native societies in these regions2. In these regions where I examined, especially in the rural districts, "colonial modernity" was forced to the native soci … More eties by each colonial government. The process of this enforcement was also the process of communion of "modernity". After the enforcement and communion of "modernity", the anti-colonialism movement was also organized by the native elites including medical doctors who were educated by medical schools that were established by the colonial governments.In former studies, little attention has been given to the role of medicine and public health in Modern china, but the impact of colonial medicines was very large. And, the basic system of medicine and public health in Modern china was organized under the influence of "Japanese model" from the late 19th century. Actually the impact of Japanese medicine and public health including colonial medicine should not be neglected in East Asia.These conclusions do not mean that colonial medicine and imperial medicine are informative and helpful to the development of colonies, because the medicine and public health were the best tools for intervention to colonial/native societies. The medicine and pubic health had dual meanings in these regions. Less