Analysis of 2000-yr eruption-affected soil microbial ecosystem of Miyake-jima Island

三宅岛2000年喷发影响土壤微生物生态系统分析

• 批准号: 17310018
• 负责人: OHTA Hiroyuki
• 金额: $ 10.39万
• 依托单位: Ibaraki University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2005 至 2007
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-17310018/
• 关键词: Volcanic ash layer; Iron oxidizers; CO_2 fixation; N_2 fixation; Scoria; Autotrophs; Lithotrophs; 水素酸化菌; 独立栄養性徴生物; 硫化カルボニル消費

Miyake-jima Island is situated on western rim of the Pacific Ocean, about 180 km south of Tokyo. Mt. Oyama in the island erupted from July to September 2000, ejecting large amounts of volcanic ash and finally forming a large collapsed crater. Since the formation of the new crater, a large quantity of volcanic gas containing high concentrations of SO_2 and H_2S has been emitted. This study was aimed to characterize such volcano-affected soil ecosystems by culture-based and molecular genetic methods. We focused on the lithotrophic and heterotrophic bacterial communities in the 2000 volcanic ash deposits from an essentially unvegetated site near the crater. The pH of samples ranged from 3.0 to 3.6 and the contents of carbon and nitrogen were 0.03% and 0.01%, respectively. Total microscopic counts of bacteria were between 10^7 and 10^9/g and plate counts of heterotrophic bacteria were 10^6/g. Phylogenetic analysis of isolates and 16S rDNA clone library analysis revealed that the predominant bacteria were Thiomonas (41% of isolates and 5% of clones), Leptospirillum (39% of clones) and Acidithiobacillus (15% of clones). Further, the intact volcanic ash samples had activites of CO_2 and N_2 fixation and the clone library analyses targeting RubisCo and nitrogenase reductase genes revealed the predominance of the genes of Leptospirillum and Acidithiobacillus. The volcanic ash sample was subjected to stable isotope probing by using ^<15>N_2 to demonstrate the occurrence of N_2 fixation by these bacteria. Our results suggested that chemolithoautotrophic bacteria such as Fe oxidizers could be the pioneer organisms in the microbial ecosystem of the fresh volcanic ash deposit and contribute to the accumulation of carbon and nitrogen in the fresh volcanic deposits.

三宅岛位于太平洋西缘，东京以南约180公里。山该岛的小山于2000年7月至9月爆发，喷出大量火山灰，最后形成一个巨大的塌陷火山口。新火山口形成后，喷出大量含高浓度SO_2和H_2S的火山气体。本研究的目的是通过培养和分子遗传学方法来表征这种受火山影响的土壤生态系统。我们集中研究了2000年火山灰沉积物中的岩石营养和异养细菌群落，这些火山灰沉积物来自火山口附近一个基本上没有植被的地点。样品的pH值范围为3.0 ~ 3.6，碳和氮的含量分别为0.03%和0.01%。显微镜下细菌总数为10^7 - 10^9/g，异养菌平板计数为10^6/g。系统发育分析和16 S rDNA克隆文库分析表明，优势菌为硫单胞菌属（41%的分离株和5%的克隆）、纤梭菌属（39%的克隆）和嗜酸硫杆菌属（15%的克隆）。完整火山灰样品具有固定CO_2和N_2的活性，以RubisCo和固氮酶还原酶基因为靶基因的克隆文库分析显示，Leptocellulum和Acidithiobacillus的基因占优势。用N_2对火山灰样品进行了稳定同位素探测<15>，以证明这些细菌固定N_2的发生。研究结果表明，化能自养细菌（如Fe氧化菌）可能是火山灰存款微生物生态系统中的先锋生物，对火山灰沉积物中碳、氮的积累起着重要作用。

项目成果

三宅島2000年噴火堆積物中の鉄代謝微生物生態系

三宅岛2000年喷发沉积物中的铁代谢微生物生态系统

• 发表时间: 2006
• 期刊: 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 52
• 作者: 佐藤嘉則;難波謙二;加藤拓;東照雄;上條隆志;太田寛行
• 通讯作者: 太田寛行

Microbial ecology of the Miyake-jima volcanic deposit : lithotrophic microbes and the development of early micro-ecosystem

三宅岛火山矿床的微生物生态学：石质微生物和早期微生态系统的发展

• 发表时间: 2006
• 期刊: Thc R)urth Okazaki Biology Con狗rencc : "Tcrra Microbiology 2", Abstracts
• 作者: H.0hta;R.Fujimura;Y.Sato
• 通讯作者: Y.Sato

Predominance of Limonobacter and Herbaspirillum in recent Miyake-jima volcanic deposits

近期三宅岛火山沉积物中柠檬杆菌属和草螺菌属的优势

• 发表时间: 2006
• 期刊: 第22回日本微生物生態学会講演要旨集 22
• 作者: L;Hongsheng;Y.Sato;R.Fujimura;Y.Katayama;H.0hta
• 通讯作者: H.0hta

初成土壌生成と微生物群集:火山噴火堆積物中における物質代謝と微生物

原生土壤形成和微生物群落：火山喷发沉积物中的代谢和微生物

• 发表时间: 2005
• 期刊: ペドロジスト 49
• 作者: L;Hongsheng;Y.Sato;R.Fujimura;Y.Katayama;H.0hta;太田寛行・佐藤嘉則
• 通讯作者: 太田寛行・佐藤嘉則

Contribution of iron-oxidizing bacteria to carbon and nitrogen accumulation in recent volcanic ash deposits of Miyake-jima Island,Japan

日本三宅岛近期火山灰沉积物中铁氧化细菌对碳和氮积累的贡献

• 发表时间: 2007
• 作者: Fujimura;R.・Y.;Sato・K.;Nanba・T.;Kamijyo・H.;Kato・Y.;Katayama・H.;Ohta
• 通讯作者: Ohta