An analysis of deregulation in the bus market and a methodology of local transport planning

我们从中央政府、地方政府和地方公交公司三个方面分析了放松管制对日本地方公交市场的影响。对中央政府而言，放松管制的实质可以理解为地方运输市场从有利可图的市场到无利可图的市场的结构性变化，通过对管制过程的几个政策分析。地方公共交通服务，特别是农村地区的公共交通服务，现在应被视为一种基础设施。各城市的地方政府的行动千差万别。最严重的问题是缺乏规划当地交通计划的技能。在公交公司上，许多农村地区出现了服务退出和线网形态变化的情况。通过DEA分析和成本函数前后分析，不同企业的生产率变化也不同。另一方面，利用数据库建立了当地交通计划的规划方法和相关方法，包括“服务水平矩阵”、“效益关联矩阵”和“考虑稀疏公交图的可达性指数”。这些方法和组成方法的有效性通过实地研究得到了检验。这些研究成果通过出版该过程的“公交服务手册”特刊而发布。JSCE等。

We analyzed the influence of deregulation in the local bus market in Japan by focusing on central government, local governments, and local bus companies. On the central government, the essence of deregulation can be understood as the structural change of the local transport market from a profitable market to an unprofitable one through several policy analyses along the regulation process. The public local transport service especially in rural areas should be now recognized as an infrastructure. The actions of local governments highly varied in municipalities. The most serious problem is lack of skills for planning local transport plan in general. On the bus companies, withdrawal of service and a change of network formation are found in many rural areas. The change of productivity also varies in companies through DEA analysis and a before and after analysis of cost functions.On the other hand, a methodology for planning local transport plan and related methods including “service level matrix", “benefit incidence matrix", and “accessibility index considering sparse bus diagram" have been developed with databases. The usefulness of these methodology and consisting methods have been examined through field studies. These research products were released through publication of “Bus Service Handbook" special issue of the Proc. JSCE, and so on.