Cellular mechanisms of contractile and vasodilating actions of anesthetics in vascular smooth muscle

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First year; Objective: To determine the direct contractile effects of angiotensin II (AII)and vasopressin (VP), and the effects of combinations of these agonists, in human isolated gastroepiploic arteries in vitro. Conclusion: There is a powerful synergism between the contractile effects of low-dose VP and AII in this human isolated artery. Moreover, the elevations of plasma AII and VP levels during hemorrhage suggest that this synergism may be both physiologically and clinically important in optimizing vasoconstriction and maintaining blood pressure in such critical states.Second year; Objective: There are few data available on the effect of ultrasonic skeletonization with the harmonic scalpel on internal thoracic artery (ITA)and gastroepiploic artery (GEA) vessel function. Conclusion: Ultrasonic complete skeletonization with the harmonic scalpel may retain smooth muscle function of skeletonized grafts, whereas endothelial function of ultrasonic skeletonized grafts may be significantly compromised.Third year; Objective; In the direct contractile effects of angiotensin II (AII), this peptide induced strong tachyphylaxis, and thus the contractile performance were degraded in a short time. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the mechanisms responsible for the AII-induced tachyphylaxis in human vascular smooth muscle, such as a gastroepiploic arteries. Conclusion; There is a possibility that vasodilator prostaglandins, which are released by AII, are involved in AII tachyphylaxis in humans, since pretreatment with indomethacin reduces, but dose not abolish, the tachyphylaxis