Phylogenetic analysis on coevolution between Leguminous plants and their parasites/mutualists.

岛田和伊藤每年12月至3月指导研究生加藤在墨西哥进行几次海外调查。他们对墨西哥的Bruchid昆虫进行了分子系统发育分析，以研究寄主植物的特化/泛化。一般而言，进化昆虫学家通常认为，当植食性昆虫适应寄主植物时，它们会从多食性进化为寡食性。然而，当我们研究Mimosestes属的系统发育时，一组(M.amicus，M.solaris，M.imosae)已经从专家进化为具有更广泛寄主植物食性的多面手。此外，Shimada和Hidzume对小豆甲沃尔巴克氏菌DNA区域进行了基因组分析，该DNA区域是从沃尔巴克氏菌水平传递到X染色体上的。土田研究了棕榈科种子捕食者寄主植物的进化转变。她表明，饮食转向干燥成熟的种子属，Closobruchus，已经进化到…根据它们的最大可能系统发育，旱季越长越多。Bruchidius和Bruchus对寄主豆科植物表现出保守的用法，她指出这两个属很可能将它们的寄主范围扩大到相思豆类。此外，Tuda还与汉格里亚的合作者合作，进行了海外调查，以研究在中东欧有专门饮食的棕榈科种子甲虫。他们检查了分子系统发育和几类寄主特征之间的一致性，得出结论是最一致的特征是化学有毒物质。Toquaga在每年2月和3月进行海外调查，并从那里市场上交易的感染种子中收集新出现的棕榈象种子甲虫。他研究了斑纹藻的造壁行为和竞争/争夺竞争类型，以研究它们在菌株内/菌株之间的遗传变异。此外，他们走访了英国的合作者，并给他们提供了几个品系的斑点拟线虫，以揭示先前文章中提出的斑点拟线虫与无尾拟线虫之间杂交的可能性。较少

Shimada and Ito supervised a graduate student, Kato, to make a few oversea surveys in Mexico from December to March every year. They conducted molecular phylogenetic analyses on Bruchid insects in Mexico in order to study specialization/generalization of host plants. In general, evolutionary entomologists usually consider that a phytophagous insect changes evolutionally from polyphagy to oligophagy when they adapt to the host plants. However, when we examined the phylogenies of the genus Mimosestes, a group (M. amicus, M. insularis, M. mimosae) has evolved from a specialist to a generalist with wider diets of host plants. In addition, Shimada and Hidzume conducted a genomic analysis on a Wolbachia DNA region that was transmitted horizontally from Wolbachia to X-chromosome of the azuki bean beetle, C. chinensis.Tuda studied the evolutionary shift of host plants in the bruchid seed predators. She showed that dietary shift to dried-matured seeds in the genus, Callosobruchus, has evolved w … More ith longer dry season, based on their maximum likelihood phylogenies. Bruchidius and Bruchus showed conservative usage for host legumes, and she pointed out that the two genera were likely to expand their host range to Acacia legumes. In addition, Tuda had oversea surveys to study bruchid seed beetles that have a specialist diet in mid-eastern Europe in collaboration with Hangarian cooperators. They examined concordance between the molecular phylogenies and several categories of host traits and concluded that the most concordant character was chemical poisonous substances.Toquenaga had oversea surveys in every February and March and collected emergent bruchid seed beetles from infectious seeds that were traded in markets there. He studied the wall-making behavior and the contest/scramble competition type in C. maculates in order to study their genetic variation within/between strains. In addition, they visited English cooperators and were given several strains of C. maculates to reveal hybridization possibility between C. maculates and C. analis that had been suggested in previous articles. Less