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Diachronic Studies in English Indefinite Pronouns

英语不定代词的历时研究

基本信息

批准号：
17520317
负责人：
FUJIWARA Yasuaki
金额：
$ 2.11万
依托单位：
University of Tsukuba
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2005
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2005 至 2007
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

During the term of project 2005 to 2007 the author published one book and 6 articles and made four oral reports. The results of the research are summarized in the following three points.First, the author succeeded in identifying the characteristic features of the two types of distributive use of indefinite pronouns (I.e. "indefinite pronoun + one" like many one and "indefinite pronoun + a + a singular noun" like many a -), the latter of which had developed after the growth of the indefinite article a/an in the 13th century, and had come to contrast with the former type of use with respect to metrics, word-formation and information structure during about 200 years from the 15th to the 17th century.Second, the author investigated English proverbs, especially those beginning with one from Middle English to Present-day English, and showed that the meaning of one is completely dependent on its use, specifically in dependent and attributive uses one indicates fundamentally the numeral 'one', … More while in independent nominal uses it usually indicates 'person' which is convertible with 'a man', that in the proverbs beginning with 'man' most of them are accompanied by the indefinite article a, which does not mean 'a male' unless it is contrasted to 'a woman', and that in the proverbs beginning with man or men without any article accompanied it never means 'a male' unless it is contrasted to a word which indicates 'a woman'.Third, as a result of investigating the process of loss of the endings attached to indefinite pronouns compared to that of adjectives, the author was able to find the following interesting facts and findings. First, the plural ending-e in many and other pronouns is high in frequency of its use and likely to drop when used idiomatically. Second, adjectives in Mandeville's Travels often run counter to an established generalization to the effect that they bear no ending in the singular form and strong declension, otherwise-e. Third, these exceptions are not without rule but grouped into three types, each of which has both unmarked and marked forms and in attributive uses there is an established rule that marked forms of adjective cannot occupy the marked positions after their heads.As for the book and articles published by the author during the three-year term of the project the book "Word Formation of Old English" (pp. 210- 277) in English Word Formation-Present Situations and Problems of Diachronic and Synchronic Studies-is part of the results of the research the author had made during 2002-2004. Less

在2005年至2007年的项目期间，作者出版了1本书和6篇文章，并作了4次口头报告。本文的研究成果主要集中在以下三个方面。首先，作者成功地识别了不定代词分布用法的两种类型(即“不定代词+一”似多个1和“不定代词+a+单数名词”似许多a-)的特点，后者是在13世纪不定冠词a/an的发展过程中发展起来的，并在15世纪至17世纪约200年的时间里与前一类用法在量度、构词和信息结构方面进行了对比。其次，作者考察了英语谚语。特别是那些从中世纪英语到现代英语中以One开头的用法，并表明One的意义完全依赖于它的用法，特别是在从属用法和定语用法中，一个人从根本上表示数字‘One’，…此外，在独立的名词性用法中，它通常表示可以与‘a man’转换的‘Person’，在以‘man’开头的谚语中，大多数都伴随着不定冠词a，不定冠词a除非与‘a女人’形成对比，否则不表示‘男性’。在以男人或没有冠词的谚语中，它永远不表示‘男性’，除非它与表示‘女人’的词形成对比。第三，通过研究不定代词与形容词的词尾的变化过程，作者发现了以下有趣的事实和发现。首先，在许多代词和其他代词中，复数结尾-e的使用频率很高，在习语中使用时可能会下降。其次，《曼德维尔游记》中的形容词经常与既定的概括背道而驰，即它们不会以单数形式结束，也不会有强烈的词尾变化，否则-e。第三，这些例外并不是没有规则的，而是分为三类，每一类都有无标记形式和有标记形式，在定语用法中，有标记形式的形容词不能占据其中心语后面的标记位置。至于作者在三年项目期间出版的书和文章《古英语的构词法》(第210-277页)--历时和共时研究的现状和问题--是作者2002-2004年研究成果的一部分。较少