Regulation of adipocytes differentiation by marine lipids

肥胖现在被认为是一个世界性的问题。糖尿病、高血压、高脂血症、心血管疾病等生活方式相关疾病的危险因素是多方面的。内脏脂肪堆积在这些疾病的发展中起着至关重要的作用。因此，通过显著减少内脏脂肪的过度积累来预防与生活方式相关的疾病是非常重要的。岩藻黄质是在可食用海藻如裙带菜和羊栖菜中发现的主要类胡萝卜素。岩藻黄质及其代谢产物岩藻黄醇在3 T3-L1细胞脂肪细胞分化过程中抑制细胞间脂质积累并抑制甘油-3-磷酸脱氢酶活性。此外，岩藻黄质和岩藻黄醇处理3 T3-L1细胞后，调控成脂基因表达的过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体（过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ）呈剂量依赖性下调。鱼油中主要脂肪酸N-3高度不饱和脂肪酸二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）和二十碳五烯酸（EPA）也通过下调PPAR_γ和C/EBP_α抑制3 T3-L1细胞的脂肪分化。喂食岩藻黄质的小鼠的白色脂肪组织重量显著低于喂食对照饮食的小鼠。解偶联蛋白1（UCP 1）是代谢产热的关键分子，在喂食岩藻黄质的小鼠的WAT中清楚地发现。岩藻黄质与含有DHA和EPA的鱼油组合后，其抗肥胖作用增强

Obesity is now recognized as a world wide problem. It is multiple risk factors for the life style-related diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and cardiovascular disease. Visceral fat accumulation plays crucial roles in the development of these diseases. So, it is important to prevent the life style-related diseases through significantly reducing excess accumulation of visceral fat. Fucoxanthin is a major carotenoid found in edible seaweed such as Undaria pinnatifida and Hijikia fusiformis. Fucoxanthin and its metabolite, fucoxanthinol, inhibited intercellular lipid accumulation and suppressed glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity during adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells. In addition, in 3T3-L1 cells treated with fucoxanthin and fucoxanthinol, peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor (PPAR_γ), which regulates adipogenic gene expression, was down-regulated in a dose-dependent manner. N-3 Highly unsaturated fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), which are major fatty acids in fish oil, also suppressed adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells by down regulation PPAR_γ And C/EBP_α. White adipose tissue weight of mice fed fucoxanthin was significantly lower than that of mice fed control diet. Uncoupling protein 1(UCP1), a key molecule for metabolic thermogenesis, was clearly found in WAT of mice fed fucoxanthin. The anti-obesity effect of fucoxanthin was enhanced by the combination with fish oil containing DHA and EPA