Regulation of adipocytes differentiation by marine lipids

肥胖症现在被认为是一个世界性的问题。糖尿病、高血压、高脂血症、心血管疾病等与生活方式相关的疾病是多种危险因素。内脏脂肪堆积在这些疾病的发展中起着至关重要的作用。因此，通过显著减少内脏脂肪的过量积累来预防与生活方式相关的疾病是很重要的。岩藻黄质是一种主要的类胡萝卜素，存在于裙带菜、羊栖菜等食用海藻中。岩藻黄质及其代谢物岩藻黄质醇可抑制3T3-L1细胞脂肪细胞分化过程中细胞间脂质堆积和3-磷酸甘油脱氢酶活性。此外，在经岩藻黄质和岩藻糖醇处理的3T3-L1细胞中，调控成脂基因表达的过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体(PPAR_γ)呈剂量依赖性下调。N-3高不饱和脂肪酸、二十二碳五烯酸和二十二碳五烯酸也通过下调PPAR_γ和C/EBPS_α抑制3T3-L1细胞的脂肪细胞分化。饲喂岩藻黄质的小鼠白色脂肪组织重量显著低于饲喂对照饲料的小鼠。解偶联蛋白1(UCP1)是代谢产热的关键分子，在给予岩藻黄质的小鼠的WAT中有明显的发现。富含DHA和EPA的鱼油可增强岩藻黄质的减肥效果

Obesity is now recognized as a world wide problem. It is multiple risk factors for the life style-related diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and cardiovascular disease. Visceral fat accumulation plays crucial roles in the development of these diseases. So, it is important to prevent the life style-related diseases through significantly reducing excess accumulation of visceral fat. Fucoxanthin is a major carotenoid found in edible seaweed such as Undaria pinnatifida and Hijikia fusiformis. Fucoxanthin and its metabolite, fucoxanthinol, inhibited intercellular lipid accumulation and suppressed glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity during adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells. In addition, in 3T3-L1 cells treated with fucoxanthin and fucoxanthinol, peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor (PPAR_γ), which regulates adipogenic gene expression, was down-regulated in a dose-dependent manner. N-3 Highly unsaturated fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), which are major fatty acids in fish oil, also suppressed adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells by down regulation PPAR_γ And C/EBP_α. White adipose tissue weight of mice fed fucoxanthin was significantly lower than that of mice fed control diet. Uncoupling protein 1(UCP1), a key molecule for metabolic thermogenesis, was clearly found in WAT of mice fed fucoxanthin. The anti-obesity effect of fucoxanthin was enhanced by the combination with fish oil containing DHA and EPA