Symbiotic adaptation to hadal environment -Metabolic functions of intracellular symbions from the hadal thyasirid clam Marithyas hadalis-

对深渊环境的共生适应 -深渊 thyasirid 蛤 Marithyas hadalis 细胞内共生体的代谢功能-

• 批准号: 17613010
• 负责人: FUJIWARA Yoshihiro
• 金额: $ 2.31万
• 依托单位: Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2005 至 2007
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-17613010/
• 关键词: Maorithyas hadalis; Symbiosis; Chemosynthesis; Thioautotroph; Hadal zone; SoxB gene; Dual symbiosis; Fluorescence in situ hybridization; 化学合成生態系; 機能遺伝子; SoxB; 還元環境; 海洋生態; 共焦点顕微鏡; 共生; 遺伝子; 細菌

The thyasrid clam Maorithyas hadalis is a conspicuous species in seep environments at depths of 7, 200-7,400 meters in the Japan Trench. Two distinct phylotypes of endosymbiotic bacteria were shown and spatial partitioning between the phylotypes was observed within the gill tissues.The purpose of this study was to clarify the metabolic functions of the symbionts of M. hadalis and to understand the adaptation mechanism of the thyasirid clam to its hadal reducing environment. In 2005, detection of genes regarding sulfur oxidation was conducted from M. hadalis gills. The specific primers for PCR amplification of SoxB gene of symbionts from the vesicomyid clam Calyptogena okutanii were designed because of the similarity of 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences of between the M. hadalis and C. okutanii symbionts. In 2007, SoxB gene was successfully amplified from the total extracted DNA of M. hadalis gills using the specific primers. Therefore, the sulfur oxidizing capability of one of the symbionts was supported by not only phylogeny but also metabolism.For understanding the microdistribution of the SoxB gene in the host tissue, fluorescence in situ hybridization experiments were conducted in 2006. To determine the experimental conditions, the whale-fall mussel Adipicola pacifica was applied because flesh individuals of the mussel were easily available from our aquaria. The optimum conditions were set for fixation time and fixative. Flesh specimens were required for FISH experiments but there was no chance to collect new samples because the ROV Kaiko, which was the only ROV to reach the M. hadalis habitat, had been lost. Developments of new deep-diving ROV can be dissolve this problem.This study showed the metabolic function regarding sulfur oxidation in the M. hadalis symbionts. It is important to recognize the wide distribution range of chemosynthetic symbioses between invertebrates and bacteria for understanding of their biogeography and evolution.

砗磲蛤 Maorithyas hadalis 是日本海沟 7, 200-7,400 米深处渗流环境中的一个显着物种。显示了两种不同的内共生细菌的系统发育型，并在鳃组织内观察到了系统发育型之间的空间划分。本研究的目的是阐明M. hadalis共生体的代谢功能，并了解thyasirid蛤对其深渊还原环境的适应机制。 2005年，从M. hadalis鳃中检测到了与硫氧化有关的基因。由于M. hadalis和C. okutanii共生体16S核糖体RNA基因序列的相似性，设计了用于PCR扩增来自vesicomyid clam Calyptogena okutanii共生体SoxB基因的特异性引物。 2007年，利用特异性引物，从M. hadalis鳃总提取DNA中成功扩增出SoxB基因。因此，其中一种共生体的硫氧化能力不仅得到了系统发育的支持，而且得到了代谢的支持。为了了解SoxB基因在宿主组织中的微观分布，我们于2006年进行了荧光原位杂交实验。为了确定实验条件，使用了鲸落贻贝Adipicola pacifica，因为该贻贝的肉个体很容易从我们的研究中获得。 aquaria.设置固定时间和固定剂的最佳条件。 FISH 实验需要肉体标本，但没有机会收集新样本，因为 ROV Kaiko（唯一到达 M. hadalis 栖息地的 ROV）已经丢失。新型深潜ROV的发展可以解决这个问题。本研究揭示了M. hadalis共生体中硫氧化的代谢功能。认识无脊椎动物和细菌之间化学合成共生的广泛分布范围对于了解它们的生物地理学和进化非常重要。

项目成果

Neptunomonas japonica sp nov., an Osedax japonicus symbiont-like bacterium isolated from sediment adjacent to sperm whale carcasses off Kagoshima, Japan

• DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.65509-0
• 发表时间: 2008-04-01
• 期刊: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY
• 影响因子: 2.8
• 作者: Miyazaki, Masayuki;Nogi, Yuichi;Horikoshi, Koki
• 通讯作者: Horikoshi, Koki

鹿児島県野間岬沖・鯨骨生物群集調査〜地理的ステッピング・ストーンから進化的ステッピング・ストーンへ

鹿儿岛县野间岬海岸鲸骨群落调查——从地理垫脚石到进化垫脚石

• 发表时间: 2006
• 作者: 窪川かおる;藤原義弘;藤原義弘;Yoshihiro FUJIWARA;Yoshihiro FUJIWARA;藤原義弘;Yoshihiro FUJIWARA;Yoshihiro FUJIWARA;Yoshihiro FUJIWARA;藤原義弘
• 通讯作者: 藤原義弘

Three-year investigations into sperm whale-fall ecosystems in Japan

• DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0485.2007.00150.x
• 发表时间: 2007-03-01
• 期刊: MARINE ECOLOGY-AN EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVE
• 影响因子: 1.1
• 作者: Fujiwara, Yoshihiro;Kawato, Masaru;Okutani, Takashi
• 通讯作者: Okutani, Takashi

Symbioses at whale falls

鲸鱼瀑布的共生关系

• 发表时间: 2007
• 作者: 窪川かおる;藤原義弘;藤原義弘;Yoshihiro FUJIWARA;Yoshihiro FUJIWARA
• 通讯作者: Yoshihiro FUJIWARA

Evolutionary relationships of deep-sea mussels inferred by mitochondrial DNA sequences

• DOI: 10.1007/s00227-006-0268-6
• 发表时间: 2006-08-01
• 期刊: MARINE BIOLOGY
• 影响因子: 2.4
• 作者: Iwasaki, Hiromi;Kyuno, Akiko;Miyazaki, Jun-ichi
• 通讯作者: Miyazaki, Jun-ichi