Research on effective physical environment for improving behavior problems in home setting

本研究采用问卷调查与个案研究相结合的方法，分析改善家庭环境中行为问题的有效物理环境。问卷调查(1)于2004年12月至2005年2月在K市特殊学校或特殊班级对396个有孩子的家庭进行调查。242个家庭回应了本次调查（回复率61%）。在成功的活动中，通过静力学的方法分析了易活动和难活动中行为问题的发生、家庭如何进行家庭活动、视觉提示、工具或辅助工具的使用、物体的放置或位置、如何做等。对20个家庭进行问卷调查(2)，其中简易活动组9个，难活动组11个。对实施原因和继续原因的回答进行分析，明确活动成功的因素。结果表明，有效物理环境的特征表现为：活动种类、残疾程度、年龄、参与活动的家庭成员数量与行为问题的关联程度较高；另一方面，在行为问题较多的活动中，特征与活动种类和行为问题的发生有关。根据结果，确定儿童和家庭实施活动的有效环境是重要的。这些问卷调查时间可能对评估有用。对8名表现出行为问题的发育障碍儿童及其家庭进行了个案研究。首先，根据对家庭成员的生活方式、行为问题的发生情况和需求的评估，在每个案例中选择期望的行为。其次，对物理环境进行评估，以确定对期望行为（如抛光、如厕或烹饪）的有效支持程序。结果表明，在所有情况下，行为问题减少，期望行为增加。此外，所有家庭都评价这些支持程序有效且易于实施。基于这些结果，讨论了改善行为问题的有效方案。建议为儿童和家庭提供有效的物理环境。提出了一个临时计划。少

This research analyzed effective physical environment for improving behavior problems in home setting based on questionnaire survey and case study. Questionnaire survey (1) was implemented for 396 families with children belonged in special schools or special classes in K city during December, 2004 to February, 2005. 242 families responded this survey (response ratio 61%). In successful activities, occurrence of behavior problem, how families to do home activities, use of visual cues, instruments or augmentative tools, placement or location for object, how to do and others, were analyzed in easy activities and difficult activities by means of statics method. Questionnaire survey (2) was implemented for 20 families, which of 9 were among of easy activities group and 11 were difficult activities group. Answers on reason of implement and continuation were analyzed to clarify the factor of successful activities. Results indicated that characteristic of effective physical environment were as … More sociated kinds of activities, disabilities, age, and numbers of family member in activities with less behavior problem. On the other hand, characteristic were associated kinds of activities and occurrence of behavior problem in activities with more behavior problem. Based on the results, to identify effective environment for both of children and family to implement activities was important. And these questionnaire times may be useful for assessment.Case study were implemented for 8 children with developmentally disabilities who exhibited behavior problems and their families in home setting. First, based on the assessment of life style, occurrence of behavior problems and needs of family member, desired behavior were selected in each cases. Second, assessment on physical environment were conducted to identify effective support procedure for desired behavior (polishing, toileting or cooking). Results indicated that in all cases, behavior problem were decreased and desired behavior were increased. Also all families evaluated these support procedures were effective and easy to implement.Based on these results, effective program for improving behavior problems were discussed. Effective physical environment for both of children and families to implement were suggested. A tentative plan were presented. Less