Dambreak generator for the Large Wave Flume (GWK+)

在实验性的水利和海岸工程中，溃坝闸门被用来产生一系列不同的水流。为此，波浪通道被分成两个部分-在一个部分中，水被蓄水，而另一个部分保持干燥或具有明显较低的水位。借助溃坝发电机的受控快速开启过程，可以控制和系统地研究不同的水力现象，如代表山洪暴发的溃坝水流、涌浪以及涌浪和水坑波。除了经典的造波机（例如，活塞式垂直壁），大坝决口发电机扩大了液压设施的产品组合，包括其他开创性的研究机会。本文所申请的溃坝发电机将用于海岸研究中心的大型波浪水槽+。考虑到大型波浪水槽+的规模和尺寸，计划将一个4.9 m宽、3.8 m高的溃坝发电机插入现有凹处，用于安置舱壁。在闸门下边缘至1.5 m（1.35 m水流深度加上0.15 m预留高度）的目标高度处，最大开启速度约为1 s，在快速开启期间产生几乎理想的溃坝水流，这将用于三条研究线。溃坝流的类型允许（1）研究极端水流事件和建筑物之间的流体-结构相互作用，包括山洪、海啸或波浪漫顶事件期间的荷载，直至并包括连续倒塌，（2）下沉的产生和使用。（负）和浪涌（正）波，考虑到船波对河岸和护岸的自然荷载，以及（3）研究瞬变水流事件期间的冲刷和侵蚀发展，有或没有基础设施要素如桥梁或桥台的影响。溃坝发电机的水流深度和速度将是独一无二的，特别是当与溃坝闸门将在大型波浪水槽+中关闭的大宽度结合时。现有的溃坝水流研究最常受到尺度效应的影响，然而，在大型波浪水槽+中可实现的长度尺度可以显着减少甚至完全防止尺度效应。

In experimental hydraulic and coastal engineering, dam-break gates are used to create a range of different flows. For this purpose, a wave channel is divided into two sections - in one section the water is impounded, while the other section is kept dry or has a significantly lower water level. With the help of a controlled, very fast opening process of the dam-break generator, different hydraulic phenomena, such as dam-break flows representing flash floods, bores as well as surge and sump waves can be controlled and systematically investigated. In addition to classical wave machines (e.g., piston type with vertical wall), dam breach generators expand the portfolio of hydraulic facilities to include other pioneering research opportunities. The dam-break generator applied for here will be used in the Large Wave Flume+ of the Coastal Research Center. A 4.9 m wide and 3.8 m high dam-break generator, which can be inserted into existing recesses for bulkhead placement, is planned for a functional generation of dam-break waves taking into account the scales and dimensions of the Large Wave Flume+. A maximum opening speed of about 1 s to the target height at the lower edge of the gate to the bottom of the channel of 1.5 m (1.35 m flow depth plus 0.15 m reserve height) creates an almost ideal dam-break flow during the rapid opening, which will serve three lines of research. The type of dam-break flow allows (1) the study of fluid-structure interaction between extreme flow events and buildings in terms of loading during flash floods, tsunami, or wave overtopping events, up to and including progressive collapse, (2) the generation and use of sunk (negative) and surge (positive) waves with a view to natural loading of banks and revetments due to ship waves, and (3) the study of scour and erosion development during transient flow events, with and without the influence of infrastructure elements such as bridges or abutments. The flow depths and velocities enabled with the dam-break generator will be unique, especially when combined with the large width that the dam-break gate will close off in the Large Wave Flume+. Existing research with dam-break flows is most often influenced by scale effects, which, however, can be significantly reduced or even entirely prevented by the achievable length scales in the Large Wave Flume+.