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A Comparison of Language Change between German and English : A sociolinguistic Study

德语和英语之间的语言变化比较:一项社会语言学研究

基本信息

批准号：
18520340
负责人：
MORISAWA Mariko
金额：
$ 1.44万
依托单位：
Fukuoka University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2006
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2006 至 2007
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-18520340/
关键词：
Sociolinguistics German Language English Language German Language History English Language History Relatives

项目摘要

For the purpose of observing the relationship between language change and social factors, Morisawa and Yanagi focused on the usage of relative pronouns in the German and English language.Morisawa carried out a sampling research with respect to the usage of the German relative pronoun welcher that is said to have often been used still in the 19^th century, but rarely if ever appears in present-day German. Three kinds of texts used here were: a literary work, private letters and a treatise, which were all written by Goethe in the early 19th century. The examples demonstrated the possibility that Goethe might have regarded welcher as a stylistic means and elaborately changed frequency in the use of this relative pronoun according to sort of text. Consequently this has led Morisawa to add to the description of previous research a new interpretation from the viewpoint of a device for varying the proportion of stylistic means according to text type and also to develop a possible hypothesis explaining the decreasing usage of welcher.Yanagi, who has attempted to explain sociolinguistically the origin and diffusion of WH-relatives, is bound to conclude thus:-(1) a small number of WH-relatives (not generalizing relatives) seen in the twelfth-century cut-and-paste homilies came from OE texts other than Catholic Homilies, (2) WH-relatives used with prepositions showed marked increase throughout the medieval period, while the occurrence of TH-relatives with prepositions remained low; and (3) taking account of an audience of hearers and readers for which prose texts between the 12^th and 16^th centuries were intended, this striking contrast was likely to be mainly attributed not only to syntactic requirements, but also to sermons translated word for word from Latin and French into English for the benefit of the unlearned: WH-relatives, unlike that, had Latin and French (backed by monasteries before the Reformation ) as supporters.

为了观察语言变化与社会因素之间的关系，森泽和柳以德语和英语中关系代词的用法为研究对象，对据说在19世纪仍经常使用、但在现代德语中很少出现的德语关系代词welcher的用法进行了抽样调查。这里使用的三种文本是：一部文学作品，私人信件和论文，都是歌德在世纪初写的。这些例子表明歌德可能把welcher看作一种文体手段，并根据文本的类型精心改变了这个关系代词的使用频率。因此，森泽从根据文本类型改变文体手段比例的角度对以前的研究进行了新的解释，并提出了一个可能的假设来解释welcher用法的减少。柳曾试图从社会语言学的角度解释WH-亲属的起源和扩散，他必然会得出这样的结论：（1）少数的WH-亲属（2）与介词连用的WH-亲属词在整个中世纪时期表现出明显的增加，TH关系词与介词搭配的频率较低;（3）考虑到12至16世纪的散文文本所面向的听众和读者，这种鲜明的对比很可能不仅主要归因于句法要求，而且也将布道从拉丁语和法语逐字翻译成英语，以造福未受教育的人：与此不同的是，WH亲属有拉丁语和法语（在宗教改革之前得到修道院的支持）作为支持者。