Quantitative Economic Geography on Hysteretic Effects of Factories and Locational Transformations of Japanese Enterprises

本研究以日本制造业的新设、转移、关闭和所在地变动等量化数据为基础，探讨日本制造业的区位调整过程。日本式的公司支配结构自20世纪90年代初以来发生了巨大的变化。为了应对主要银行关系的转变，主要公司集团进行了重组，并积极利用并购来在全球市场的竞争中生存下来。企业组织结构的这些变化正在加速日本地方工厂的选择性关闭和就业人数的大幅下降。最近国内新工厂地点数量的显著回升是由于公司战略，例如需要集中业务职能和需要将核心技术保留在“母厂”。全球化背景下企业组织结构的重组和人口的减少对日本的区域结构产生了强大的影响。20世纪90年代中期以来的这些变化导致了不断发展的大都市地区和不断衰退的地方地区之间的明显对比。在这种情况下，日本的国土政策和产业区位政策经历了一个重要的转折点。取代了通过财政转移导致工厂分散和区域均衡的地方支持政策，区域经济的依赖和提高国际竞争力被认为是一项重要的政策。

This research intends to explicate the locational adjectment processes of the manufacturing industries in Japan based on quantitative data of plant newly establishments, transfers, closures, and in-situ changes. The Japanese-style corporate governance system has drastically changed since the early 1990s. Leading corporation groups have been reorganized in response to the transformation of main bank relations and M & A has been aggressively utilized to survive competition in global markets. These changes in corporate organizational structures are accelerating selective plant closures and large employment decline in Japan's local areas. Recent significant recovery in the number of locations of new plants at homeland is due to corporate strategies, such as the need to concentrate of business functions and the need to keep core technologies in "mother factories".The restructuring of corporate organization under globalization and the decrease in population have had powerful effects on Japan's regional structure. These changes since mid 1990s led to clear contrasts between growing metropolitan regions and declining local areas. Under these circumstances, Japanese national land policy and industrial location policy have experienced an important turning point. Instead of the local supporting policies which led to the decentralization of factories and the regional equilibrium by financial transfer, in dependence of the regional economy and enhancement of international competitiveness have been thought of as an important policy.