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Quantitative Economic Geography on Hysteretic Effects of Factories and Locational Transformations of Japanese Enterprises

工厂滞后效应与日本企业区位转型的数量经济地理学

基本信息

批准号：
18520604
负责人：
MATSUBARA Hiroshi
金额：
$ 1.9万
依托单位：
The University of Tokyo
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2006
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2006 至 2007
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

This research intends to explicate the locational adjectment processes of the manufacturing industries in Japan based on quantitative data of plant newly establishments, transfers, closures, and in-situ changes. The Japanese-style corporate governance system has drastically changed since the early 1990s. Leading corporation groups have been reorganized in response to the transformation of main bank relations and M & A has been aggressively utilized to survive competition in global markets. These changes in corporate organizational structures are accelerating selective plant closures and large employment decline in Japan's local areas. Recent significant recovery in the number of locations of new plants at homeland is due to corporate strategies, such as the need to concentrate of business functions and the need to keep core technologies in "mother factories".The restructuring of corporate organization under globalization and the decrease in population have had powerful effects on Japan's regional structure. These changes since mid 1990s led to clear contrasts between growing metropolitan regions and declining local areas. Under these circumstances, Japanese national land policy and industrial location policy have experienced an important turning point. Instead of the local supporting policies which led to the decentralization of factories and the regional equilibrium by financial transfer, in dependence of the regional economy and enhancement of international competitiveness have been thought of as an important policy.

本研究旨在基于工厂新建、转移、关闭和原地变化的定量数据来阐明日本制造业的区位调整过程。自20世纪90年代初以来，日本式的公司治理体系发生了巨大变化。为了应对主要银行关系的转变，领先的企业集团进行了重组，并积极利用并购来在全球市场竞争中生存。这些企业组织结构的变化正在加速日本当地地区选择性工厂关闭和就业大幅下降。最近日本本土新工厂数量的大幅回升，是由于企业战略的需要，例如业务功能的集中和核心技术需要保留在“母工厂”。全球化背景下企业组织的重组和人口的减少对日本的地区结构产生了强大的影响。自 20 世纪 90 年代中期以来的这些变化导致了不断发展的大都市地区和衰落的地方地区之间的鲜明对比。在这种情况下，日本国家土地政策和产业布局政策出现了重要转折。地方扶持政策不再是通过财政转移来实现工厂分散和区域均衡，而是依靠区域经济和增强国际竞争力被认为是一项重要政策。