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A Study on application of Competitive Mechanisms in Public Management

竞争机制在公共管理中的应用研究

基本信息

批准号：
18530315
负责人：
KISHI Michio
金额：
$ 1.09万
依托单位：
Ritsumeikan University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2006
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2006 至 2007
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-18530315/
关键词：
United Kingdom Public Economics Transaction Costs PFI Value for Money market testing Full Costs Avoidable Costs VFM Public Sector Comarator 性能発注 Public Finance 行財政改革競争原理強制競争入札サッチャーブレア Best Value

项目摘要

In this study, concerning application of Competitive Mechanisms in Public Management, analyses of three main topics such as theoretical points of view in economics, current situation, problems, and policy proposals of PFI (Private Finance Initiative), and current situation and problems of market testing are shown.Regarding theoretical points of view in economics, public goods and services should be supplied by public sector. However, based on transaction cost theory, external supply of public goods and services will be justified by uncertainty, specificity of assets, and market contestability.Concerning PFI, in calculation of public sector comparator, discount rate is used for life cycle cost to calculate net present value of it. However, application of discount rate is in favor of PFI because capital expenditures are transformed to every year's payments for services for 25-30 years. In addition, it is unclear whether private finance is necessary for successful capital projects, and public finance should be considered for better value for money.Regarding market testing, it is very important to understand two methods of calculation for in-house costs in the public sector: one is fully allocated costs approach and another is avoidable costs approach. Full costs consist of avoidable costs and unavoidable costs. If a local government needs actual cost savings, avoidable costs approach is better than full cost approach because full costs include unavoidable costs. In addition, in Japan, budget is cash-basis and calculated costs include notional accrual costs such as retirement allowances and depreciations of capital assets. This means that cost savings as a result of comparison of public and private costs will not be realized.

本研究就竞争机制在公共管理中的应用，从经济学的理论观点、PFI（Private Finance Initiative）的现状、问题和政策建议、市场检验的现状和问题等三个方面展开分析。从经济学的理论观点来看，公共产品和服务应该由公共部门提供。然而，基于交易成本理论，公共产品和服务的外部供给将以不确定性、资产专用性和市场稳定性为依据。关于PFI，在计算公共部门比较指标时，使用生命周期成本贴现率来计算其净现值。然而，贴现率的应用有利于PFI，因为资本支出转化为25-30年的每年服务付款。此外，目前尚不清楚成功的基本建设项目是否需要私人融资，为了更好地实现资金效益，应考虑公共融资。关于市场测试，了解公营部门内部成本的两种计算方法非常重要：一种是完全分配成本方法，另一种是可避免成本方法。全部成本包括可避免成本和不可避免成本。如果一个地方政府需要实际的成本节约，可避免成本法优于完全成本法，因为完全成本包括不可避免的成本。此外，在日本，预算是现金制的，计算的费用包括名义应计费用，如退休津贴和资本资产折旧。这意味着，通过比较公共和私人成本而节省的成本将不会实现。