French New Education Movements and Pedagogical Innovations for Primary School Education : Focus on the Cooperation in Learning

本研究关注法国新教育运动和小学教育改革的历史，特别是学前教育和小学教育的细节和教学创新，即小学教育，在法国，这是重组为3个周期的3年小组作为一个连贯的教学体系。它旨在从教育政策和教学实践的层面上，阐明学习和教学阶段的概念，即所谓的学习周期。研究结果如下：（1）这一教育改革是在20世纪60 - 70年代试点学校的基础上进行的。这些学校的实践发展了许多教育方法和工具的基础上，不同的学生的异质性，合作小组工作。(2)当代教育改革的主要趋势是以法国新教育集团（GFEN）为代表的世纪末的法国新教育运动。(3)最近教育创新的成功需要得到社区和家长的支持。事实上，试点学校的实验是与社区合作进行的（4）最近，法国小学还参加了国际学术成绩竞赛。小学教育的结果成为一个政治问题。(5)在本报告中，列出了不同的学校，以澄清法国替代教育的实际情况。(6)本报告收集了法国小学教育的统计和法律的数据，以了解法国小学教育的实际情况。

This research concerns the history of new education movements and primary school education reforms in France; especially, details and pedagogical innovations of preschool and elementary education that is primary education, in France, which was reorganized into the 3 cycles of 3 years group team as a coherent teaching system. It aimed to clarify the ideas of learning and teaching period, what is called cycle of learning, at the level of the educational policies and the level of pedagogical practices. The findings are summarized as follows;(1) This educational reform of 3 cycles system followed the experiments of pilot schools in the 1960s-70s. The practice of these schools developed lots of educational methods and tools based on the heterogeneities of various students, and the cooperative group work.(2) The trend of current educational innovations concerns the French new education movement dating from the late 19th century as GFEN (Groupe Francais d' Education Nouvelle).(3) The success of recent educational innovations needed to be supported with community and parents. Indeed the experiments of pilot schools were conducted in collaboration with the community(4) Recently, the French primary school is also involved in international competition of academic achievement. The result of primary school education became a political issue.(5) In this report, different schools are listed to clarify the actual situation of alternative education in France.(6) And this report collected the statistical and legal data on the French primary school education in order to understand the actual situation.