General Research on Modern Japanese Text in University Entrance Exams, and the Development of Literacy in University Education

本研究以战前的高中、大学入学考试中的现代日语部分为研究对象。本文从多个角度考察了现代日语高考教材从引进到实施标准化考试的历史轨迹。我们进一步考虑了现代日本高考文本部分之间的联系，在大学中使用的方法，以提高学生的识字水平。从大正时代后半期的高中和其他高等教育机构的入学考试开始，到战时极端民族主义、战后占领和美国式民主教育、经济快速增长和竞争日益激烈的入学考试，现代日语文本一直在入学考试课程中占据重要地位。纵观其历史， ...更多信息 日本教育界一直在质疑“阅读”的意义，努力提高学生的阅读能力，并制定出公正客观的方法来衡量阅读能力。然而，与此同时，现代日语入学考试的历史也是一个不断尝试和错误的过程，以定义阅读本身。近代日语文本作为一门学科的存在，与一系列外在的、历史的因素交织在一起，并在社会和意识形态条件的影响下不断演变。显然，为了衡量个人能力并对其进行排名，某种形式的标准是必要的。这一标准不断变化的事实也是显而易见和不可避免的。本研究从历史的角度对现代日语入学考试的文本进行了分析，揭示了大学生的“读写能力”在各个历史时期的变化。《国语入学考试现代史》的出版可以看作是这一研究的具体成果。少

This research focuses on the modern Japanese text component in higher education entrance exams, such as those for high schools and universities under the pre-War system. Taking a range of perspectives, we examine the historical trajectory of modern Japanese text in entrance exams, from the time of its introduction to the implementation of standardised exams. We further consider the connections between the modern Japanese text component of university entrance exams, and the methodology used in university to raise student literacy levels. The modern Japanese text component has consistently held a place of importance in entrance exam curricula, from its introduction into the entrance exams of high schools and other higher education institutions during the second half of the Taisho period, through the eras of wartime ultra-nationalism, post-war occupation and American-style democratic education, rapid economic growth and increasingly competitive entrance exams. Throughout its history, ther … More e have been constant attempts to question what it means to'read'texts, to increase student literacy and develop fair and objective methods to measure it. At the same time however, the history of modern Japanese text in entrance exams has also been a process of trial and error to define the act of reading itself. The existence of modern Japanese text as an academic subject is imbricated with a range of external, historical factors, and it has constantly evolved under the influence of social and ideological conditions. It is obvious that some form of standard is necessary in order to measure and rank individual ability. The fact that this standard is constantly changing is also evident and inevitable. Our research over the past two years has been an attempt to analyze the modern Japanese text component of entrance exams from an historical perspective, and thus reveal the ways in which the'literacy'required of university students has changed during each historical era. The publication of A Modern History of'National Language'Entrance Exams(Kodansha) may be seen as a concrete result of this research. Less