Evaluation of the measurement of energy expenditure in children by the doubly-labeled water method and a simple method to estimate energy expenditure

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Energy expenditure was analyzed by the doubly-labeled water method in 30 fifth graders living in an agricultural and fishing village (20 males and 10 females). The mean energy expenditure of these children was 2009.8±272.6 kcal/day. Also, the energy expenditure for physical activities (PAEE) was 558.4±206.1 kcal/day, and the physical activity level (PAL = total energy expenditure (TEE)/basal metabolic rate (BMR)) was 1.61±0.18. The intensity of physical activities was measured simultaneously using Lifecorder PLUS (LG: Suzuken), and the intensity of activities at LC0.5 was classified as very mild (inactive period), that at LC1-6 as low to moderate, and that at LC7-9 as high according to the report by Adachi et al. (2007). As a result, the PAL increased with decreases in inactive periods (very mild physical activities) and increases in activities at low-moderate (LC1-6) and high (LC7-9) intensity levels. The PAL was affected by high-intensity physical activities in children, unlike in adults, and further evaluation is necessary. In addition, a significant correlation (r=0.521) was observed between the number of walking steps per day and PAL. According to the regression equation obtained, the number of walling steps corresponding to PAL1.5 is 8,179, and that corresponding to PAL1.6 is 10,957; the PAL increased by 0.1 with an increase of 2,778 steps. There is a report that the number of walking steps in Japanese children was roughly 27,000 about 30 years ago (Hatano, 1979), which corresponds to PAL2.2 according to the regression equation obtained in this study. The results of this study dearly indicate bow inactive Japanese children have become. Concerning the relationships between the results of sports tests and PAEE, significant correlation were observed in all items except flexibility. This year, the physical activity level was measured in 25 children living in cities by the doubly-labeled. water method.