Prevalence and behavior of human enteric pathogens in water environment

调查了城市污水中耐氯隐孢子虫和诺如病毒的流行情况。隐孢子虫在8、9月份浓度较高。在污水中发现了不同基因型的隐孢子虫。污水中诺如病毒含量冬季高，夏季低。诺如病毒浓度与腹泻病例数呈正相关，提示开展污水中肠道致病菌的调查有助于了解传染病的流行情况。对使用带负电荷的膜过滤器从水中回收病毒浓缩方法的额外研究表明，回收率不仅极大地依赖于病毒的种类，而且还依赖于水的过滤体积，当使用90 mm直径的过滤器时，废水的过滤体积不应超过100 mL，以避免病毒回收率的显著消耗。

Prevalence of Chlorine-resistant Cryptosporidium and noroviruses in municipal wastewater was investigated. The concentration of Cryptosporidium was high in August and September. Various genotypes of Cryptosporidium were found in wasdtewater. The level of noroviruses in wastewater was high in winter season and low in summer. Positive relation was found between the concentrations of noroviruses and reported cases of diarrhea, suggesting that the survey of enteric pathogens in wastewater will contribute to know the prevalence of infectious diseases. Additional study on the recovery of a virus concentration method from water using negatively-charged membrane filter revealed that the recovery was greatly dependent on not only the species of viruses but also filtration volume of water and that the filtration volume of wastewater should not exceed 100mL when 90mm diameter filter was used in order to avoid significant depletion of virus recovery.