DNA damage in human lymphocytes in vitro exposed to combined metals

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Human are exposed daily to low level of environmental and occupational metals. Therefore, results of the toxicity tests which conducted on single-chemical at high level exposure are difficult to extrapolate to the risk assessment of the chemical mixtures in these environments. In this study, we focused on four metals (arsenic, cadmium, cobalt and chromium) which are recognized as carcinogens or co-carcinogens, and evaluated whether the DNA damage in human lymphocytes in vitro exposed to binary mixture of metals at low level was additive, synergistic or antagonistic.There were no significant differences of DNA damage between single-exposure and binary mixture of metals on any metal combinations. Therefore, deviations from additivity were not observed. Our results support the hypothesis that individual exposed to mixture of chemicals at low non-toxic dose is additive or less than additive.