Data-base construction of Safe Water and Sanitation and Water-related Risk evaluation for Asian Developing Regions

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This project aimed 1) to reveal the present situation of water utilization behaviors and sanitation, 2) to make risk assessment related to improper water utilization, and 3) to evaluate water economics in Asian developing countries. For the purpose above-mentioned, Field survey studies were conducted in some Asian countries, and the following findings were obtained mainly. Due to the worldwide consecutive strive and endeavors for the last twenty years, two billion and 1.5 billion of people lately becomes accessible to safe water and sanitation, respectively. However, the fruit of the struggle was just compensated for by the population increment during the two decades, resulting into another 1.1 billion and 2.4 billion people in turn become to fall into no accessibility to safe water and sanitation, respectively.Risk assessment of Nepal revealed that the poorer people are suffering the higher water risk. In case of allowable infectious risk of 1/10,000, removal efficiency is required 2-3 log, 1-2 log and 3-4 log for Salmonella, cholera, and dysentery, respectively. Increment of removal efficiency by 1 log enables the infectious risk to decrease 1/10. Water economics analysis suggests that there is a significant gap in illness liability burden between household with and without tap-water service. Furthermore, it is reasonable and economically feasible to charge the water-service cost to the low-income if they have the willing to pay, and it is necessary to set up the tap-water tariff from the viewpoint of demand continence.