Data-base construction of Safe Water and Sanitation and Water-related Risk evaluation for Asian Developing Regions

亚洲发展中地区安全用水和环境卫生及水相关风险评估数据库建设

• 批准号: 18404002
• 负责人: HARADA Hideki
• 金额: $ 9.73万
• 依托单位: Tohoku University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2006 至 2007
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-18404002/
• 关键词: Safe Water; Sanitation; Appropriate Sewage Treatment; Water-related Risk; Developing Countries; インド; 下水処理の実態調査; YAP; 費用対効果; UASB; DHS

This project aimed 1) to reveal the present situation of water utilization behaviors and sanitation, 2) to make risk assessment related to improper water utilization, and 3) to evaluate water economics in Asian developing countries. For the purpose above-mentioned, Field survey studies were conducted in some Asian countries, and the following findings were obtained mainly. Due to the worldwide consecutive strive and endeavors for the last twenty years, two billion and 1.5 billion of people lately becomes accessible to safe water and sanitation, respectively. However, the fruit of the struggle was just compensated for by the population increment during the two decades, resulting into another 1.1 billion and 2.4 billion people in turn become to fall into no accessibility to safe water and sanitation, respectively.Risk assessment of Nepal revealed that the poorer people are suffering the higher water risk. In case of allowable infectious risk of 1/10,000, removal efficiency is required 2-3 log, 1-2 log and 3-4 log for Salmonella, cholera, and dysentery, respectively. Increment of removal efficiency by 1 log enables the infectious risk to decrease 1/10. Water economics analysis suggests that there is a significant gap in illness liability burden between household with and without tap-water service. Furthermore, it is reasonable and economically feasible to charge the water-service cost to the low-income if they have the willing to pay, and it is necessary to set up the tap-water tariff from the viewpoint of demand continence.

该项目旨在1)揭示亚洲发展中国家的用水行为和卫生现状，2)进行与不当用水相关的风险评估，3)评估亚洲发展中国家的水经济性。为此，在亚洲一些国家进行了实地调查研究，主要得出了以下结论。由于过去20年来全球范围内的不断努力和努力，最近分别有20亿人和15亿人获得了安全饮用水和卫生设施。然而，这场斗争的成果恰好得到了20年来人口增长的补偿，导致又有11亿人和24亿人分别无法获得安全饮用水和卫生设施。尼泊尔的风险评估显示，较贫穷的人面临着更高的水风险。在允许的感染风险为1/10000的情况下，沙门氏菌、霍乱和痢疾的去除效率分别为2-3对数、1-2对数和3-4对数。去除效率每增加1log，感染风险降低1/10。水经济学分析表明，有自来水服务的家庭和没有自来水服务的家庭在疾病责任负担方面存在显著差异。此外，在低收入者有意愿支付的情况下，向他们收取水费是合理的、经济上可行的，从需求控制的角度制定自来水价格是必要的。

项目成果

Prospects for a self-sustainable sewage treatment system: a case study on full-scale UASB system in India's Yamuna River Basin.

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2005.08.025
• 发表时间: 2006-08
• 期刊: Journal of environmental management
• 影响因子: 8.7
• 作者: Nobuyuki Sato;T. Okubo;T. Onodera;A. Ohashi;H. Harada

Prospects for a self-sustainable sewage treatment system: A case study on full-scale UASB system in India's Yamuna River Basi

自可持续污水处理系统的前景：印度亚穆纳河盆地全规模 UASB 系统案例研究

• 发表时间: 2006
• 期刊: Journal of Environmental Management 80
• 作者: Nobuyuki Sato;Tsutomu Okubo;Takashi Onodera;Akiyoshi Ohashi and Hideki Harada
• 通讯作者: Akiyoshi Ohashi and Hideki Harada

Performance comparison of a pilot-scale UASB and DHS system and activated sludge process fro the treatment of municipal waste

中试规模的 UASB 和 DHS 系统以及活性污泥法处理城市垃圾的性能比较

• 发表时间: 2007
• 期刊: Water Research 41
• 作者: Tanabe;K.;Y. Shigeta;T. Sasaki and H. Hirano(eds);Madan Tandukar
• 通讯作者: Madan Tandukar

Performance comparison of a pilot-scale UASB and DHS system and activated sludge process for the treatment of municipal wastewater.

• DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2007.02.027
• 发表时间: 2007-06
• 期刊: Water research
• 影响因子: 12.8
• 作者: M. Tandukar;A. Ohashi;H. Harada