Symptoms and sleep problems associated with restless legs syndrome among Japanese General population

该研究的目的是调查不宁腿综合征（RLS）的特点，从日本的一般人群中抽取的大样本。RLS的存在是通过询问受试者在上床睡觉后是否经历腿部的爬行感觉来确定的。调查于2000年6月进行，对象是从日本全国300个社区中随机选出的样本。调查问卷包含的问题集中在健康意识，心理健康和睡眠。共有26705名参与者完成了问卷调查。RLS的患病率为3.0%，在女性中具有显著优势。RLS的患病率随年龄的增长而显著增加。多因素Logistic回归分析显示，RLS与入睡困难（OR = 2.58）、白天过度嗜睡（OR = 2.28）、维持睡眠困难（OR = 1.71）、非恢复性睡眠（OR = 1.51）、主观睡眠不足（OR = 1.36）和清晨觉醒（OR = 1.21）显著相关。这些结果表明，RLS在日本的患病率低于北方欧洲人群，RLS与入睡困难和白天过度嗜睡密切相关。在RLS与其他心身症状的关系方面，多因素Logistic回归分析显示RLS与心悸/气短显著相关（OR=1.81），脆性（OR=1.55），背痛（OR=1.50），便秘/腹泻（OR=1.38）、担心健康（OR=1.30）、紧张（OR=1.29）、上腹不适（OR=1.24）、颈肩强直（OR=1.24）。这些结果表明，RLS不仅涉及夜间睡眠恶化，而且还涉及白天的各种躯体和心理症状。

The objectives of the study was to investigate characteristics of restless legs syndrome (RLS) among a large sample taken from the general population of Japan. The presence of RLS was established by asking the subjects if they experienced a crawling sensation in their legs after going to bed. The survey was performed in June 2000, targeting a sample that was randomly selected from 300 communities throughout Japan. The questionnaire contained questions focusing on health consciousness, mental health, and sleep. A total of 26 705 participants completed the questionnaire. The prevalence of RLS was 3.0%, with a significant predominance in women. The prevalence of RLS increased significantly with advancing age. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that RLS was significantly associated with difficulty initiating sleep (odds ratio, OR = 2.58), excessive daytime sleepiness (OR = 2.28), difficulty maintaining sleep (OR = 1.71), non-restorative sleep (OR = 1.51), subjective insufficient sleep (OR = 1.36), and early morning awakening (OR = 1.21). These results suggest that the prevalence of RLS in Japan is lower than in northern European populations and that RLS is strongly associated with difficulty initiating sleep and excessive daytime sleepiness. As for the relation between RLS and other psycho-somatic complaints, Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that RLS was significantly associated with palpitation/shortness of breath (OR=1.81), fragility (OR=1.55), backache (OR=1.50), constipation/diarrhea (OR=1.38), concern about health (OR=1.30), tenseness (OR=1.29), epigastric discomfort (OR=1.24) and stiff neck/shoulder (OR=1.24) in descending order of OR. These findings suggest that RLS involves not only deteriorated nocturnal sleep but also various somatic and psychological symptoms in the daytime.