Quantitative analysis of pain response in isolated spinal cord and cultured dorsal root ganglion cell

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We found that vanilloid receptor (TRPV1) channels, being key proteins for pain generation, were activated by mustard oil or methylsalicylate in addition to a vanilloid compound such as capsaicin and that the opening of the channels was controlled by extracellular Na^+ ions. It was demonstrated that histamine and 5-hydroxy- tryptamine, which were released at inflammation sites, augmented pain due to TRPV1 channel activation through respective receptors for these amines, and that adenosine release was associated with the analgesic action in response to hypercapnia.