Development of the ability in implementing lifelong improvement of living -From the viewpoint of fostering leadership in learners-

这项研究的重点是鼓励人们在改善生活方式的同时发挥领导作用。从历史的角度，我们考察了当时日本和美国的女性杂志文章和农林部的活动日志，发现日本和美国的政府和民间都在引领着现代生活质量的提高。此外，两国都有重视通过实际问题方法培养领导力的家政课程。例如，家政相关组织“日本未来家政人员协会（FHJ）”和“美国家庭、职业和社区领袖协会（FCCLA）”举办了全国领导力会议，培养学生的领导能力。通过运用Misumi的PM理论对FHJ的文件和杂志进行描述性分析，全国领导会议的主题从一开始就强调了M功能（群体维护态度）。然而，最近，P函数（目标成就表现）也受到了强烈的重视。

This study focused on encouraging leadership among people as they enhance their lifestyle. From a historical perspective, we examined women's magazine articles and activity logs of Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry at that time that both the government and private sectors in Japan and the U.S. have led the way to improve the quality of life in the modern era. In addition, both countries had home economics curriculum that valued the idea of leadership development through practical problem approach. For example, home economics related organizations, "Future homemakers of Japan (FHJ)" and "Family, Career, and Community Leaders of America (FCCLA)" have held National Leadership Conference to nurture leadership role in students. Owing to the descriptive analysis of the FHJ's documents and magazines using Misumi's PM theory, the themes of National Leadership Conference stressed on the M function (group maintenance attitude) in the beginning. However, recently, there has also been a strong emphasis on the P function (aim achievement performance).