Institutionalizing testing and research institutes, learned societies, and engineers' associations : University-industry-government collaboration in prewar Japan

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This project analyzes the institutionalization of testing and research institutes, learned societies, engineers' associations, and higher educational institutions in prewar Japan. Consequently, it confirms that the number testing and research institutes, learned societies and engineers' associations established annually, and that of graduates from higher educational institutions in the natural sciences, increased drastically from the 1910s to 1920s. These facts infer that the higher system of research and development was established in Japanese society during these periods. Besides, the two historical case studies of semiconductor technology and high frequency heating technology provide the facts that University-industry-government collaboration developed from the prewar, the War to the postwar period and it promoted the creation of new business.