Proteomic analysis of antimicrobial proteins from rice grain and clarification of their action mechanisms against periodontal pathogenic bacteria

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In this study, we found that the partial peptide CH 14-25 (RRLMAAKAESRK), identical with aa 14-25 of rice cyanate hydratase, has an antimicrobial activity against Porphyromonas gingivalis. We examined not only the contribution of cationic amino acid residues (R and K) of this peptide to the antimicrobial activity but also the action mechanisms of these CH peptides by the membrane depolarization assay and the microscopic observations of giant unilamellar vesicles. The results obtained indicate that the R24 and K25 residues are important for the CH peptides to exert their antimicrobial activity. The results obtained also indicate that the CH peptides depolarized the cytoplasmic membrane, resulting in the antimicrobial action. Our observations indicate that the CH peptides will be useful to develop preventive drugs and foods against periodontal disease.