Expression of microbial enzymes in aquatic plants and their applications for phytoremediation and production of useful chemicals.

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Conditions for the proliferation of multiple shoots, adventitious roots, and callus as well as polyploid induction of watercress (Nasturtium officinale R. Br.) were established for their use in phytoremediation. Frequent generation of transgenic watercress was achieved by adapting particle bombardment and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation techniques with a construct expressing several florescent protein genes. In addition, the nutrient removal by hormone-treated (multiple shoots) watercress was conducted in a eutrophicated pond in an old castle park, as a preliminary field experiment of the remediation.