The transcriptional regulation of Synoviolin in rheumatoid synovial cells.

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Rheumatoid arthritis(RA) significantly affects quality of life. We recently cloned synoviolin, a RING-typeE3 ubiquitin ligase implicated in the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation(ERAD) pathway. Synoviolin is highly expressed in rheumatoid synovial cells and may be involved in the pathogenesis of RA. In this study, we found that ILF-3 up-regulates synoviolin expression with GABPα in rheumatoid synovial cells. Moreover, we demonstrated that Synoviolin is involved in not only onset of RA but also development of liver fibrosis. Inhibition of synoviolin activity is a potentially useful therapeutic approach for the treatment of RA. We recently identified two classes of small molecules which inhibited synoviolin activity. These inhibitors suppressed the proliferation of rheumatoid synovial cells, and significantly reduced the severity of disease in a mouse model of RA. Our results suggest that inhibition of synoviolin is a potentially useful approach in the treatment of RA.