Volatilization of Metal Mercury from Inorganic and Organic Mercury by Highly Mercury-Resistant Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and its Application to Bioremediation

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Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans MON-1 is highly resistant not only to mercuric chloride but also to organomercurials. It have a novel ferrous iron-dependent mercury volatilization activity as well as an NADPH-dependent mercury reductase activity, We have found that cytochrome c oxidase, purified from strain MON-1, reduces HgCl_2 to volatilizable metal mercury(Hg^0) with reduced mammalian cyt. c or Fe^<2+> as an electron donor. In this study we found that cyt. c oxidase can volatilize Hg^0 from CH_3HgCl(MMC) as well as from HgCl_2 with reduced mammalian cyt. c or c-type cyt. c oxidase purified from strain MON-1 as an electron donor. We also found that MMC volatilization activity is present in the MON-1 plasma membrane but not in the cytosol. These activities were strongly inhibited by NaCN and the antibody produced against purified MON-1 cyt. c oxidase.