Policy Effects by Residential Waste Pay-As-You-Throw Programs

本研究分析了日本各城市实施的生活废弃物“即扔即付”（PAYT）计划的政策效果。本研究所采用的评估标准包括废物减少和回收促进效果、废物收集或焚烧部门的成本降低效果、公民共识的建立以及非法倾倒的防止。收集了大量PAYT城市的垃圾减量效果数据样本，采用横截面求和法进行分析。在88个有效答案的城市中，选择了70个采用简单单位定价方案的城市作为样本。这项调查的趋势表明，随着价格的上涨，废物减少率越来越高。实施后有较大的减废效果。几年后，并没有出现人们担心的反弹趋势。

Policy Effects by Residential Waste Pay-As-You-Throw(PAYT) Programs in Japanese cities were analyzed in this research work. The evaluation criteria adopted in this research include waste reduction and recycling promotion effects, cost reduction effects in waste collection or incineration sector, consensus building among citizens, and prevention of illegal dumping. A lot of waste reduction effects data samples collected from PAYT cities were analyzed by cross-sectional summing. Within 88 cities with valid answers, 70 cities that adopt the simple unit-pricing programs were selected as samples. The trend in this survey shows that the waste reduction rates get higher as the price increases. There is comparatively large waste reduction effect after the implementation. There is no trend of rebound after a few years as much as it was feared.