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System Design of the Policy Instruments of Waste Reduction

减废政策工具的体系设计

基本信息

批准号：
16530191
负责人：
YAMAYA Shusaku
金额：
$ 1.98万
依托单位：
Toyo University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2004
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2004 至 2006
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

During the term of this project, 2004-2006, our research team engaged in verifying the effectiveness and developing the system design of municipal waste reduction policy instruments and in constructing the effective mixed instrument of plural policy measures for municipality waste reduction activities. In addition, our research team focused on the role of industry-promotion policy for region-based recycling industries by state and municipalities in technological development and regional employment. So, this research project investigates economic instrument, promotional instrument, regulative instrument, and industry-promotion instrument.(1) Effective system design of waste disposal charge systemThe waste being disposed by citizens is growing in terms of amount and disposal cost. It is becoming increasingly difficult to handle using only the method of guidance and regulation by the local governments. A countermeasure is altering the method of distributing the burden of disposal cost. Un … More til recently, costs have been recovered through taxes on everyone This system would be changed into a mechanism of disposal charges which lightens the burden for those who work to reduce waste and charges more heavily those who discharge large amounts. Our research team obtained comprehensive information on the practice of waste disposal charges in all of cities in Japan by means of questionnaires in 2005 February. Moreover, we investigated a several advanced experiences of waste disposal charge system by municipalities in Tokyo metropolitan and Aichi prefectures. As a result of the research work, we obtained significant information on the practice of the waste disposal charge system as follows.(1)53% municipalities are conducting the waste disposal charging system in Japan.(2)It was turned out that the simple pay-per bag charging system was more effective for reducing waste than the excess-volume charging system.(3)Using other measures with charging system-policy is effective for reducing the waste and for preventing the rebound. Recommended using-together measures are door-to-door collection of garbage, strength of collection system for resource materials, and municipal subsidy for waste reducing measures.(2) Promotion of recycling industries by local governmentOur research team has investigated various Eco-towns such as Toyama Eco-town, Hyogo Eco-town during the term of the project. Many endeavors of local governments for recycling resource materials were observed by our team.Based the information obtained by the hearing works and observations, we put forward a suggestion on the effective policy instrument for the recycling industry promotion. Less

在2004-2006年的项目期间，我们的研究团队进行了城市减量化政策工具的有效性验证和系统设计的开发，并构建了城市减量化活动中多种政策措施的有效混合工具。此外，我们的研究小组重点研究了国家和市政当局对区域性回收产业的产业促进政策在技术发展和区域就业中的作用。因此，本课题对经济工具、促进工具、调控工具和产业促进工具进行了研究。(1)有效的垃圾处理收费制度的制度设计市民处理的垃圾在数量和处理成本上都在不断增长。单靠地方政府的引导和调控，越来越难处理。对策是改变处理费用负担的分配方式。直到最近，成本都是通过对每个人征税来收回的。这一制度将转变为一种处置收费机制，减轻那些致力于减少废物的人的负担，并对那些排放大量废物的人收取更重的费用。本课题组于2005年2月通过问卷调查的方式，全面了解了日本各城市垃圾处理收费的实施情况。此外，我们还调查了东京都和爱知县在垃圾处理收费制度方面的几个先进经验。通过研究工作，我们获得了以下关于垃圾处理收费制度实践的重要信息。(1)日本53%的城市实行垃圾处理收费制度。(2)结果表明，简单的按袋收费制度比超量收费制度更有效地减少浪费。(3)与收费制度政策相结合的其他措施对于减少浪费和防止反弹是有效的。建议采取上门收集垃圾、加强资源性材料收集系统、市政补贴减废措施等综合利用措施。(2)地方政府对回收产业的推动。我们的研究团队在项目期间对富山生态城、兵库生态城等多个生态城进行了调研。我们的团队观察了许多地方政府在回收资源材料方面的努力。根据听证工作和观察所得的信息，提出了促进回收产业发展的有效政策工具建议。少