Comparison of HR systems between firms in terms of convergence and divergence, and change and stability

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The researchers selected large pharmaceutical firms whose main business area is development of new drugs in pharmaceutical industry and large security firms in financial industry as organizational fields, and researched HR systems in these firms. The researchers conducted case studies for seven firms and five firms for each organizational field. As a result, the research found that the extent of convergence in the pharmaceutical case study firms is larger than that in the security firms. The direction of the convergence is towards the western-type of HR system. On the other hands, the extent of divergence among HR systems in the security case study firms is larger. There are both types of firms among the security case study firms ; one type is the firms that changed towards the western-type of HR system and the other type is the firms whose HR systems are static.