Elucidation of structure-function of unique bacterial flagellar stator complex from Bacillus spp.

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At first, we identified that the flagellar motor of B. subtilis was a hybrid motor and it rotated by using both ion motive forces, H+ and Na+, by a single molecular mechanism. Next, the critical charged amino acid residues between the second and third transmembrane cytoplasmic loop region in MotA and MotP subunits of B. subtilis were identified by using site-directed mutagenesis. Moreover, we identified a novel type flagellar motor from alkaliphilic Bacillus alcalophilus which stimulates swimming speed under elevated K+ or Rb+ concentrations. This is the first report that describes aflagellar motor that can use both K+ and Rb+ as coupling ions.